Characteristics of White and African–American patients with SLE
| Characteristic | White n=180 | African–American n=163 | p Value* |
|---|---|---|---|
| Recruitment site, n (%) | <0.001 | ||
| U Chicago | 61 (33.9) | 121 (74.2) | |
| U Pittsburgh | 119 (66.1) | 42 (25.8) | |
| Age, mean±SD years | 46.9±12.8 | 41.9±13.0 | <0.001 |
| Gender, n (%) female | 168 (93.3) | 153 (93.9) | 0.841 |
| Education, n (%) | 0.004 | ||
| Less than HS graduate | 2 (1.1) | 14 (8.6) | |
| HS graduate | 35 (19.4) | 40 (24.5) | |
| More than HS graduate | 143 (79.4) | 109 (66.9) | |
| Income, n (%) | <0.001 | ||
| <$10 000 | 15 (8.5) | 53 (32.9) | |
| $10 001–30 000 | 26 (14.7) | 47 (29.2) | |
| $30 001–50 000 | 25 (14.1) | 31 (19.3) | |
| >$50 000 | 106 (59.9) | 30 (18.6) | |
| Employed, n (%) | 95 (52.8) | 64 (39.3) | 0.024 |
| With private medical insurance, n (%) | 154 (85.6) | 62 (38.0) | <0.001 |
| Marital status, n (%) married | 117 (65.0) | 45 (27.6) | <0.001 |
| SLE disease duration, mean±SD months | 151.1±128.6 | 135.3±106.9 | 0.221 |
| # Immunosuppressive drugs† used in the past, n (%) | 0.040 | ||
| 0 | 96 (53.3) | 62 (38.0) | |
| 1 | 32 (17.8) | 48 (29.5) | |
| 2 | 27 (15.0) | 31 (19.0) | |
| 3 | 14 (7.8) | 11 (6.8) | |
| ≥4 | 11 (6.1) | 11 (6.8) | |
| # Immunosuppressive drugs† currently used, n (%) | 0.400 | ||
| 0 | 12 (6.7) | 9 (5.5) | |
| 1 | 94 (52.2) | 80 (49.1) | |
| ≥2 | 74 (41.1) | 74 (45.4) | |
| Charlson Comorbidity Index, mean±SD | 1.9±1.2 | 2.4±1.4 | 0.005 |
| DOSPERT, mean±SD | 16.7±4.2 | 16.9±5.1 | 0.611 |
| Health locus of control, mean±SD | |||
| Internal | 24.0±4.9 | 25.6±5.3 | 0.004 |
| Chance | 17.6±5.1 | 19.0±6.1 | 0.024 |
| Powerful others | 24.2±9.0 | 24.9±5.4 | 0.381 |
| Physician-patient relation duration, mean±SD years | 4.3±4.2 | 6.2±5.7 | <0.001 |
| Duration of clinic follow-up, mean±SD years | 7.7±7.5 | 8.0±6.1 | 0.603 |
| Physician's PDM style, mean±SD | 75.4±22.2 | 66.1±26.1 | <0.001 |
| Trust in physicians, mean±SD | 38.5±8.5 | 38.9±7.8 | 0.690 |
| SLEDAI, mean±SD | 3.21±2.8 | 3.6±3.7 | 0.274 |
| SLICC Damage Index, mean±SD | 1.5±2.0 | 2.1±2.1 | 0.010 |
| CES-D, mean±SD | 15.9±11.6 | 20.2±12.7 | 0.001 |
| Perceived racism, median±IQR | 9.0±4.0 | 11.0±5.0 | <0.0001 |
*Significance level of the χ2 statistic (or Wilcoxon's rank-sum test) for categorical variables and two-tailed t test for continuous variables.
†Drugs: azathioprine, belimumab, chloroquine, cyclophosphamide, cyclosporine, dapsone, hydroxychloroquine, quinacrine, leflunomide, methotrexate, mycophenolate mofetil, rituximab, sulfasalazine, tacrolimus.
Statistically significant p-Values highlighted in bold.
CES-D, Center for Epidemiologic Studies Depression Scale; DOSPERT, domain-specific risk attitude scale; HS, high school; PDM, participatory decision-making; SLE , systemic lupus erythematosus; SLEDAI, Systemic Lupus Erythematosus Disease Activity Index; SLICC, Systemic Lupus International Collaborating Clinics.