Perceived racism in relation to SLE-related clinical outcomes, by race*
| OR | 95% CI | |
|---|---|---|
| AFRICAN–AMERICAN (n=163) | ||
| SLE Disease Activity (SLEDAI Score ≥4) | ||
| Perceived racism (crude) | 1.01 | 0.93 to 1.11 |
| Perceived racism (adjusted for age, medical insurance, marital status, internal HLC) | 1.03 | 0.94 to 1.15 |
| SLE Damage Index (SLICC Score ≥2) | ||
| Perceived racism (crude) | 1.02 | 0.93 to 1.12 |
| Perceived racism (adjusted for age, gender, education, income, medical insurance, marital status, SLE duration) | 1.04 | 0.89 to 1.22 |
| Depression (CES-D Score ≥17) | ||
| Perceived racism (crude) | 1.10 | 1.00 to 1.21† |
| Perceived racism (adjusted for age, income, education, marital status, SLE duration, SLEDAI) | 1.23 | 1.05 to 1.43† |
| WHITE (n=180) | ||
| SLE Disease Activity (SLEDAI Score ≥4) | ||
| Perceived racism (crude) | 0.94 | 0.85 to 1.02 |
| Perceived racism (adjusted for age, medical insurance, marital status, internal HLC) | 0.93 | 0.84 to 1.02 |
| SLE Damage Index (SLICC Score ≥2) | ||
| Perceived racism (crude) | 0.99 | 0.90 to 1.09 |
| Perceived racism (adjusted for age, gender, education, income, medical insurance, marital status, SLE duration) | 0.94 | 0.82 to 1.08 |
| Depression (CES-D Score ≥17) | ||
| Perceived racism (crude) | 0.99 | 0.90 to 1.08 |
| Perceived racism (adjusted for age, income, education, marital status, SLE duration, SLEDAI) | 0.99 | 0.88 to 1.13 |
*Based on separate logistic regression models for each outcome by patient race.
†p<0.05.
CES-D, Center for Epidemiologic Studies Depression Scale; HLC, health locus of control; SLE, systemic lupus erythematosus; SLEDAI, Systemic Lupus Erythematosus Disease Activity Index; SLICC, Systemic Lupus International Collaborating Clinics.