Characteristics of MRI abnormalities and their relevance with neuropsychiatric presentations
| Brain MRI findings | Patients (N=53) | ACS | Psychosis | AD | MD | CD | Seizure |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Abnormal MRI* | 25 | 20 | 1 | 0 | 5 | 4 | 7 |
| WMH | 22 | 18 | 1 | 0 | 4 | 4 | 7 |
| Multiple punctate | 18 | 15 | 1 | 0 | 3 | 0 | 6 |
| Diffuse infiltrative | 2 | 1 | 0 | 0 | 1 | 0 | 1 |
| Haemorrhagic infarction | 2 | 2 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 |
| GMH | 7 | 5 | 0 | 0 | 2 | 1 | 4 |
| Basal ganglia | 2 | 1 | 0 | 0 | 1 | 0 | 2 |
| Hippocampus | 3 | 2 | 0 | 0 | 1 | 1 | 3 |
| Cerebellum | 1 | 1 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 1 |
| Haemorrhagic infarction | 2 | 2 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 |
| GMH alone | 1 | 1 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 |
| WMH + GMH | 6 | 4 | 0 | 0 | 2 | 1 | 4 |
| Meningeal | 2 | 2 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 |
| Atrophic | 14 | 11 | 1 | 1 | 4 | 3 | 3 |
| Abnormal MRI | 9 | 8 | 0 | 0 | 2 | 2 | 3 |
| Severity | |||||||
| Minimal | 8 | 7 | 1 | 0 | 0 | 1 | 0 |
| Moderate | 5 | 4 | 0 | 0 | 2 | 0 | 2 |
| Marked | 12 | 9 | 0 | 0 | 3 | 3 | 5 |
*All MRI abnormalities other than cortical atrophy found in all conditions including T1, T2-weighted images, and FLAIR. Minimal including one to three punctate lesions of WMH, moderate including four to six punctate lesions of WMH or meningeal lesions alone, and marked including diffuse infiltrative lesions, haemorrhagic infarction or GMH.
ACS, acute confusional state; AD, anxiety disorder; CD, cognitive dysfunction; GMH, grey matter hyperintensities; FLAIR, fluid-attenuated inversion recovery; MD, mood disorder; WMH, white matter hyperintensities.