Characteristics of study population
| Characteristics | Control (n=10) | Pre-eclampsia (N=11) | SLE (N=10) | SLE+pre-eclampsia (N=4) |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Maternal | ||||
| Age at delivery (mean; SD) | 35.5 (4.12) | 29 (4.98) | 31.7 (5.93) | 31.5 (7.77) |
| Race | ||||
| White (not Hispanic) | 5 (50%) | 6 (55%) | 7 (70%) | 4 (100%) |
| African/African–American | 2 (20%) | 1 (9%) | 2 (20%) | 0 |
| Asian | 2 (20%) | 3 (27%) | 0 | 0 |
| Hispanic | 0 | 1 (9%) | 1 (10%) | 0 |
| Multiracial | 1 (10%) | 0 | 0 | 0 |
| Delivery by caesarean- section | 9 (90%) | 9 (82%) | 7 (70%) | 1 (25%) |
| SLE active during pregnancy* | n/a | n/a | 1 (10%) | 1 (25%) |
| Medications during pregnancy† | ||||
| Azathioprine | n/a | n/a | 4 (40%) | 0 |
| Hydroxychloroquine | n/a | n/a | 5 (50%) | 0 |
| SQ heparin and/or 81 mg aspirin | n/a | n/a | 6 (60%) | 4 (100%) |
| Daily prednisone | 4 (40%) | 2 (60%) | ||
| APS | n/a | n/a‡ | 3 (30%) | 1 (25%) |
| ANA+ | ‡ | 1 (9%) | 10 (100%) | 4 (100%) |
| APLAb+ | ‡ | ‡ | 5 (50%) | 1 (25%) |
| ENA+ | ‡ | ‡ | 4 (40%) | 1 (25%) |
| Child | ||||
| Weight, g (mean; SD) | 3505 (264.82) | 2020.36 (1055.97) | 2920.1 (699.33) | 1495 (1190.4)§ |
| Gestational age, weeks (median; IQR) | 39.15 (0.35) | 35 (8.4) | 36.39 (2.55) | 30 (5.88)¶ |
| Duration ROM (median; IQR) | n/a | 0 (0) | 1 (511) | 94 (94) |
*SLE activity: increase in prednisone dose >10 mg/day or new requirement for intravenous steroids.
†Medications included if they were given for duration of pregnancy; steroids included for indication SLE treatment; dexamethasone given for indication of congenital heart block was not included, although two patients with SLE received it for this indication.
‡Not routinely performed in patients with non-rheumatic disease.
§Normal versus pre-eclampsia; normal versus SLE+pre-eclampsia (p=0.0015and 0.0137), respectively.
¶Normal versus pre-eclampsia; normal versus SLE; normal versus SLE+pre-eclampsia (p=0.034, 0.0019, and 0.0105), respectively.
ANA, antinuclear antibody; APLAb, antiphospholipid antibodies; APS, antiphospholipid antibody syndrome; NA, not applicable; ROM, rupture of membranes; SLE, systemic lupus erythematosus; SQ, subcutaneous.