Clinical manifestations presented at least one time during the observational period
| Clinical manifestations (ever) | n (%) | N available data |
|---|---|---|
| Lupus-specific fever | 706 (37.5) | 1884 |
| Lymphadenopathy | 610 (32.4) | 1881 |
| Malar rash | 961 (51) | 1884 |
| Discoid rash | 384 (20.4) | 1881 |
| Subacute cutaneous lupus | 103 (5.5) | 1882 |
| Livedo reticularis | 528 (28.1) | 1881 |
| Photosensitivity | 1006 (53.4) | 1884 |
| Mucosal ulcers | 978 (51.9) | 1883 |
| Alopecia | 1044 (55.5) | 1882 |
| Arthritis | 1382 (73.5) | 1880 |
| Vasculitis cutaneous | 282 (15) | 1883 |
| Pleurisy | 854 (45.4) | 1882 |
| Pericarditis | 443 (23.6) | 1879 |
| Seizures | 187 (9.9) | 1885 |
| Psychosis | 64 (3.4) | 1885 |
| Nephrotic syndrome | 350 (18.8) | 1860 |
| Renal insufficiency* | 385 (20.4) | 1883 |
| Renal failure† | 144 (7.7) | 1881 |
| Raynaud's disease | 982 (52.2) | 1881 |
*Renal insufficiency defined as creatinine ≥1.5 mg/dL or <75% function due to lupus.
†Renal failure defined as requiring dialysis or transplant.