Percentage of patients with SLE satisfying ACR criteria by self-reported race/ethnicity
| Native American n=268 | African-American n=1074 | European American n=1567 | Hispanic n=239 | |
| Malar rash, n (%) | 158 (59) | 491 (45) P=0.0001 | 1043 (66) P=0.018 | 150 (62) P=0.4126 |
| Discoid rash, n (%) | 65 (24) | 411 (38) P<0.0001 | 408 (26) P=0.5969 | 53 (22) P=0.6 |
| Photosensitivity, n (%) | 146 (54) | 418 (38) P<0.0001 | 946 (60) P=0.0799 | 121 (50) P=0.4228 |
| Oral ulcers, n (%) | 117 (44) | 391 (36) P=0.0293 | 716 (45) P=0.5507 | 115 (48) P=0.327 |
| Arthritis, n (%) | 239 (89) | 984 (91) P=0.2292 | 1447 (92) P=0.0896 | 219 (91) P=0.3703 |
| Pericarditis, n (%) | 60 (22) | 326 (30) P=0.0103 | 332 (21) P=0.6868 | 67 (28) P=0.1516 |
| Pleuritis, n (%) | 130 (49) | 536 (49) P=0.7328 | 783 (49) P=0.6918 | 108 (45) P=0.4765 |
| Proteinuria, n (%) | 123 (46) | 623 (58) P=0.0004 | 552 (35) P=0.001 | 137 (57) P=0.0126 |
| Cellular casts, n (%) | 30 (11) | 221 (20) P=0.0003 | 235 (14) P=0.11 | 51 (21) P=0.0023 |
| Seizures, n (%) | 31 (12) | 174 (16) P=0.0709 | 231 (14) P=0.1863 | 36 (15) P=0.2934 |
| Psychosis, n (%) | 25 (9) | 122 (11) P=0.3826 | 104 (6) P=0.1203 | 24 (10) P=0.8805 |
| Haemolytic anaemia, n (%) | 53 (20) | 196 (18) P=0.5982 | 168 (10) P<0.0001 | 43 (17) P=0.6504 |
| Leucopaenia, n (%) | 113 (42) | 619 (57) P<0.0001 | 620 (39) P=0.4191 | 94 (39) P=0.5277 |
| Lymphopaenia, n (%) | 137 (51) | 614 (57) P=0.0854 | 833 (53) P=0.5516 | 140 (58) P=0.1077 |
Bold P values are significant by Fisher’s exact test (P≤0.05) compared with Native American population.
ACR, American College of Rheumatology; SLE, systemic lupus erythematosus.