Multiple conditional regression models: association between categories of cumulative steroid dose (g) and outcome
| Study variable, OR (95% CI) | Diabetes | Hypertension | Cataracts | Osteoporosis | Avascular necrosis |
| Cumulative steroids dose categories, g | 1.618 (0.790 to 3.312) | 1.544 (0.963 to 2.509) | 1.855 (1.190 to 2.892)** | 1.604 (1.067 to 2.412)* | 1.427 (0.580 to 3.512) |
| Age, years | 1.069 (1.017 to 1.124)** | 1.001 (0.973 to 1.029) | 1.116 (1.080 to 1.153)*** | 1.057 (1.031 to 1.084)*** | 0.948 (0.895 to 1.003) |
| Gender, female | 2.582 (0.237 to 28.192) | 1.597 (0.480 to 5.310) | 1.900 (0.701 to 5.151) | 4.004 (1.209 to 13.267)* | 0.068 (0.011 to 0.414)** |
| Black | 1.379 (0.436 to 4.368) | 2.408 (1.213 to 4.777)* | 0.900 (0.510 to 1.588) | 0.230 (0.119 to 0.443)*** | 1.088 (0.338 to 3.506) |
| Cyclophosphamide or other immunosuppressant in the last 12 months of at-risk time | 2.666 (0.665 to 10.695) | 0.772 (0.326 to 1.830) | 1.391 (0.746 to 2.594) | 1.256 (0.669 to 2.358) | 2.516 (0.538 to 11.755) |
| Time since SLE diagnosis, years | 0.838 (0.729 to 0.964)* | 1.056 (0.995 to 1.122) | 0.974 (0.896 to 1.058) | 0.965 (0.894 to 1.043) | 0.850 (0.730 to 0.990)* |
| SDI score | 0.791 (0.517 to 1.211) | 1.212 (0.833 to 1.763) | 1.064 (0.829 to 1.367) | 1.051 (0.850 to 1.300) | 1.353 (0.770 to 2.378) |
| Cumulative SLEDAI | 0.994 (0.985 to 1.004) | 0.997 (0.992 to 1.002) | 0.999 (0.995 to 1.003) | 1.005 (1.000 to 1.009)* | 1.002 (0.995 to 1.009) |
| Years of education | 0.937 (0.724 to 1.214) | 1.042 (0.923 to 1.176) | 0.954 (0.863 to 1.053) | 0.932 (0.849 to 1.023) | 0.942 (0.773 to 1.149) |
| History of renal activity | – | 2.125 (0.972 to 4.646) | – | – | – |
| Obesity | 1.131 (0.311 to 4.116) | – | – | – | – |
| Total cholesterol | 1.002 (0.993 to 1.012) | 1.004 (0.999 to 1.009) | – | – | – |
| Statin use | 1.327 (0.293 to 6.023) | – | – | – | – |
| Hypertension | 1.544 (0.410 to 5.823) | – | – | – | – |
*p<0.05, **p<0.01, ***p<0.001.
SDI, Systemic Lupus International Collaborating Clinics/American College of Rheumatology Damage Index; SLEDAI, SLE Disease Activity Index.