Osteoarthritis (OA) is currently the most widespread musculoskeletal condition and primarily
affects weight-bearing joints such as the knees and hips. Importantly, knee OA remains a …

Aging is an inevitable process in the human body that is associated with a multitude of
systemic and localized changes. All these conditions have a common pathogenic …

Aging is an inevitable and gradually progressive process affecting all organs and systems.
The musculoskeletal system makes no exception, elderly exhibit an increased risk of …

Adult-onset Still's disease (AOSD) is a systemic inflammatory disorder with an unknown
cause characterized by high-spiking fever, lymphadenopathy, hepatosplenomegaly …

The temporomandibular joint (TMJ) is a specialized synovial joint that is crucial for the
movement and function of the jaw. TMJ osteoarthritis (TMJ OA) is the result of disc …

The importance of intestinal microbiota in the development of various systemic diseases has
been highlighted over time. Ankylosing spondylitis (AS) is a systemic disease with a …

Rheumatoid arthritis (RA) is one of the most frequent inflammatory rheumatic diseases,
having a considerably increased prevalence of mortality and morbidity due to cardiovascular …

Systemic sclerosis (SS) is a chronic autoimmune disorder, which has both cutaneous and
systemic clinical manifestations. The disease pathogenesis includes a triad of …

Systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) is a chronic, multifactorial autoimmune disease with
complex pathogenesis characterized by the imbalance of pro-inflammatory and anti …

Systemic sclerosis (SSc) is a complex autoimmune disease characterized by heterogeneous
changes involving numerous organs and systems. The currently available data indicate that …