RT Journal Article SR Electronic T1 Assessment of the role of high-density lipoproteins and their immunomodulatory activity in systemic lupus erythematosus immunopathology JF Lupus Science & Medicine JO Lupus Sci Med FD Lupus Foundation of America SP e001242 DO 10.1136/lupus-2024-001242 VO 11 IS 2 A1 Pérez-Ocampo, Julián A1 Vergara-Serpa, Oscar A1 Velásquez-Franco, Carlos Jaime A1 Taborda, Natalia A A1 Yassin, Lina M A1 Hernandez, Juan C YR 2024 UL http://lupus.bmj.com/content/11/2/e001242.abstract AB Objective To explore the potential associations between high-density lipoprotein (HDL) levels and inflammasome components in the context of systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE).Methods A cross-sectional study was conducted. A group of 50 patients with SLE and 50 healthy controls matched by sex and similar age ranges were enrolled. Serum HDL cholesterol (HDL-C) and C reactive protein (CRP) levels were quantified. Serum cytokine levels, including IL-1β and IL-6, were determined by ELISA. The gene expression of inflammasome-related genes in peripheral blood mononuclear cells was measured by quantitative real-time PCR.Results HDL-C levels were lower in the patients with SLE (p<0.05), and on segregation according to disease activity, those with active SLE had the lowest HDL-C levels. Patients with SLE presented higher concentrations of the serum inflammatory cytokines IL-1β and IL-6 (p<0.0001) but similar levels of CRP to those in controls. A similar scenario was observed for the gene expression of inflammasome components, where all the evaluated markers were significantly upregulated in the SLE population. These results revealed significant negative correlations between HDL levels and disease activity, serum IL-6 and IL-1β levels and the mRNA expression of NLRP3, IL-1β and IL-18. In addition, significant positive correlations were found between disease activity and serum IL-1β and between disease activity and the mRNA expression of IL-18, and interestingly, significant positive correlations were also observed between active SLE and serum IL-1β and the mRNA expression of NLRP3.Conclusion Our results suggest that HDL is essential for SLE beyond atherosclerosis and is related to inflammation regulation, possibly mediated by inflammasome immunomodulation.Data are available upon reasonable request. All data relevant to the study are included in the article or uploaded as supplementary information.