Clinical and biochemical manifestations recorded during the initial work-up of the included 547 patients. Listed are manifestations included in systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) classification criteria and other most prevalent clinical manifestations
| All patients | ANA pos (N=288) | ANA neg (N=259) | Rate ratio* | p Value | ||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| n | Per cent | N | Per cent | n | Per cent | |||
| Manifestations among SLE classification criteria | ||||||||
| Peripheral arthritis | 157 | 28.7 | 82 | 28.5 | 75 | 29 | 1.0 | 0.90 |
| Photosensitivity | 57 | 10.7 | 35 | 12.2 | 22 | 8.5 | 1.4 | 0.16 |
| Oral/nasal ulcers | 32 | 5.9 | 21 | 7.3 | 11 | 4.2 | 1.7 | 0.13 |
| Haematuria | 20 | 3.7 | 11 | 3.8 | 9 | 3.5 | 1.1 | 0.82 |
| Proteinuria | 17 | 3.1 | 9 | 3.1 | 8 | 3.1 | 1 | 0.98 |
| Malar rash | 15 | 2.7 | 12 | 4.2 | 3 | 1.2 | 3.5 | 0.03 |
| Leukopenia | 14 | 2.6 | 10 | 3.5 | 4 | 1.5 | 2.3 | 0.15 |
| Alopecia | 12 | 2.2 | 6 | 2.1 | 6 | 2.3 | 0.9 | 0.85 |
| Lymphopenia | 11 | 2 | 8 | 2.8 | 3 | 1.2 | 2.3 | 0.17 |
| Discoid LE | 8 | 1.5 | 2 | 0.7 | 6 | 2.3 | 0.3 | 0.13 |
| Thrombocytopenia | 8 | 1.5 | 6 | 2.1 | 2 | 0.8 | 2.6 | 0.19 |
| Pleuritis | 5 | 0.9 | 4 | 1.5 | 1 | 0.3 | 5 | 0.16 |
| Other manifestations | ||||||||
| Arthralgia | 308 | 56.3 | 168 | 58.3 | 140 | 54.1 | 1.1 | 0.29 |
| Morning joint stiffness | 128 | 23.4 | 69 | 24.0 | 59 | 22.8 | 1.1 | 0.74 |
| Raynaud's phenomenon | 73 | 13.3 | 47 | 16.3 | 26 | 10.0 | 1.6 | 0.03 |
| Headache | 72 | 13.2 | 49 | 17.0 | 23 | 8.9 | 1.9 | 0.004 |
| Xerostomia | 70 | 12.8 | 43 | 14.9 | 27 | 10.4 | 1.4 | 0.11 |
| Arterial hypertension | 67 | 12.2 | 35 | 12.2 | 32 | 12.4 | 1 | 0.94 |
| Tendinitis | 49 | 9 | 27 | 9.4 | 22 | 8.5 | 1.1 | 0.72 |
| Psoriasis | 40 | 7.4 | 14 | 4.9 | 26 | 10.2 | 0.5 | 0.02 |
| Affective disorder | 40 | 7.3 | 27 | 9.4 | 13 | 5.0 | 1.9 | 0.05 |
| Keratoconjunctivitis sicca | 39 | 7.2 | 25 | 8.7 | 14 | 5.5 | 1.6 | 0.14 |
| Asthma bronchiale | 38 | 7.0 | 25 | 8.7 | 13 | 5.0 | 1.7 | 0.09 |
| Puffy fingers | 36 | 6.6 | 25 | 8.7 | 11 | 4.2 | 2.1 | 0.35 |
| Thyreoiditis | 33 | 6.1 | 18 | 6.3 | 15 | 5.8 | 1.1 | 0.81 |
| Peripheral neuropathy | 32 | 5.9 | 14 | 4.9 | 18 | 6.9 | 0.7 | 0.30 |
| Weight loss | 28 | 5.2 | 15 | 5.2 | 13 | 5.0 | 1 | 0.92 |
| Axial arthritis | 25 | 4.6 | 15 | 5.2 | 10 | 3.9 | 1.3 | 0.45 |
| Fibromyalgia | 21 | 3.9 | 12 | 4.2 | 9 | 3.5 | 1.2 | 0.67 |
| Anaemia, non-haemolytic | 20 | 3.7 | 13 | 4.5 | 7 | 2.7 | 1.7 | 0.26 |
| Non-infectious fever | 19 | 3.5 | 9 | 3.1 | 10 | 3.9 | 1.3 | 0.65 |
| Arrhythmia | 16 | 2.9 | 9 | 3.1 | 7 | 2.7 | 0.8 | 0.77 |
| Cutaneous vasculitis | 14 | 2.6 | 7 | 2.5 | 7 | 2.7 | 0.9 | 0.85 |
| Miscarriage/abortion | 14 | 2.6 | 9 | 3.1 | 5 | 1.9 | 1.6 | 0.32 |
| Chronic urticaria | 12 | 2.2 | 7 | 2.4 | 5 | 1.9 | 1.3 | 0.69 |
| Livedo reticularis | 12 | 2.2 | 9 | 3.1 | 3 | 1.2 | 2.6 | 0.11 |
| Palindromic arthritis | 12 | 2.2 | 6 | 2.1 | 6 | 2.3 | 0.9 | 0.85 |
*Ratio between prevalence of manifestation in ANA positive and ANA-negative patients.
ANA, antinuclear antibodies.