Comparison between DAH and control groups (univariate analysis)
| Historical features | DAH (n=22) | Control (n=66) | OR (CI) | p Value |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Malar rash | 8/22 | 33/66 | 0.61 (0.24 to 1.56) | 0.3 |
| Any lupus rash | 17/22 | 44/66 | 1.65 (0.56 to 4.93) | 0.35 |
| Oral ulcers | 6/22 | 16/66 | 1.16 (0.41 to 3.28) | 0.79 |
| Alopecia | 5/22 | 10/66 | 1.6 (0.50 to 5.09) | 0.44 |
| Arthritis | 19/22 | 63/66 | 0.18 (0.02 to 1.82) | 0.11 |
| Serositis | 14/22 | 33/66 | 2.07 (0.67 to 6.36) | 0.20 |
| Nephritis | 14/22 | 28/66 | 2.52 (0.89 to 7.16) | 0.07 |
| Neuropsychiatric | 10/22 | 9/66 | 9.20 (1.94 to 43.59) | 0.001 |
| Raynaud's | 5/22 | 24/66 | 0.54 (0.18 to 1.59) | 0.24 |
| Haemolysis | 12/22 | 10/66 | 5.85 (2.01 to 17.03) | 0.001 |
| Thrombocytopenia* | 19/22 | 10/66 | 43.2 (5.72 to 326.40) | <0.0001 |
| Leucopenia | 21/22 | 39/66 | 13.43 (1.74 to 103.79) | 0.0004 |
| Low C3* | 20/22 | 29/66 | 19.26 (2.49 to 148.72) | <0.0001 |
| Low C4 | 16/22 | 31/66 | 3.32 (1.05 to 10.54) | 0.03 |
| ANA | 21/22 | 58/64 | 2.27 (0.26 to 20.06) | 0.43 |
| Anti-dsDNA | 18/22 | 41/65 | 2.45 (0.77 to 7.77) | 0.11 |
| Anti-SSA | 7/21 | 27/64 | 0.65 (0.21 to 1.98) | 0.44 |
| Anti-SSB | 3/21 | 13/63 | 0.70 (0.19 to 2.64) | 0.6 |
| Anti-Sm | 8/21 | 16/63 | 2.59 (0.79 to 8.45) | 0.11 |
| Anti-RNP | 8/21 | 22/63 | 1.23 (0.44 to 3.44) | 0.69 |
| Arterial thrombosis | 7/22 | 4/66 | 6.42 (1.65 to 25.09) | 0.01 |
| Venous thrombosis | 7/22 | 10/66 | 2.62 (0.84 to 8.15) | 0.1 |
| Pregnancy loss | 3/18 | 4/60 | 2.81 (0.56 to 13.96) | 0.22 |
| Cardiac valve disease | 8/22 | 2/66 | 22.09 (2.75 to 177.67) | <0.0001 |
| Livedo reticularis | 2/22 | 5/66 | 1.2 (0.23 to 6.19) | 0.83 |
| Seizures | 4/22 | 4/66 | 4.37 (0.77 to 24.92) | 0.09 |
| Anti-β2GPI IgG | 2/21 | 9/55 | 0.59 (0.11 to 3.05) | 0.52 |
| Anti-β2GPI IgA | 3/21 | 11/55 | 0.70 (0.18 to 2.80) | 0.61 |
| Anti-β2GPI IgM | 1/21 | 3/55 | 1.0 (0.10 to 9.61) | 1 |
| Cardiolipin IgG | 7/22 | 16/63 | 1.35 (0.46 to 3.98) | 0.58 |
| Cardiolipin IgM | 2/22 | 4/62 | 1.39 (0.26 to 7.66) | 0.71 |
| Lupus anticoagulant | 9/20 | 7/60 | 5.36 (1.63 to 17.68) | 0.004 |
| APS | 6/22 | 6/66 | 4.37 (1.06 to 18.11) | 0.04 |
*Maintained as statistically significant risk factors in a multivariate model. Statistically-significant p values (p<0.05) are presented in bold.
ANA, antinuclear antibody; APS, antiphospholipid syndrome; DAH, diffuse alveolar haemorrhage; dsDNA, double-stranded DNA; RNP, ribonucleoprotein; SSA, Sjögren's syndrome A; SSB, Sjögren's syndrome B; β2GPI, β-2 glycoprotein I.