Baseline characteristics of APPLE substudy subjects
| Variable | All patients, n=201 |
|---|---|
| Female | 167 (83.1%) |
| Age, years (SD) | 15.7 (2.7) |
| Latitude (SD) | 39.3 (3.3) |
| Season | |
| 1st quarter | 36 (17.9%) |
| 2nd quarter | 54 (26.9%) |
| 3rd quarter | 52 (25.9%) |
| 4th quarter | 59 (29.4%) |
| Race | |
| White | 102 (50.7%) |
| Black | 54 (26.9%) |
| Asian | 19 (9.5%) |
| Native American | 3 (1.5%) |
| Native Hawaiian | 5 (2.5%) |
| Hispanic or Latino | 47 (23.4%) |
| History of smoking | 6 (3.0%) |
| Postmenarchal | 137/167 (82.0%) |
| Annual household income | |
| <$25 000 | 57/187 (30.5%) |
| $25 000–49 999 | 51/187 (27.3%) |
| $50 000–74 999 | 31/187 (16.6%) |
| $75 000–99 999 | 24/187 (12.8%) |
| $100 000–149 999 | 16/187 (8.6%) |
| >$150 000 | 8/187 (4.3%) |
| Body mass index percentile (SD) | 72.1 (25.2) |
| Duration of lupus, months (SD) | 30.4 (28.9) |
| SLEDAI (SD) | 4.5 (4.0) |
| SDI=0 | 151 (75.1%) |
| Hypertension | 65/195 (33.3%) |
| Glomerulonephritis | 81/200 (40.5%) |
| Creatinine clearance (SD) | 138.7 (31.8) |
| Timed urine protein, mg/24 h (SD) | 214.6 (491.5) |
| Serologies | |
| Lupus anticoagulant | 68/190 (35.8%) |
| Anticardiolipin antibody | 86/196 (43.9%) |
| AntidsDNA antibody | 163/201 (81.1%) |
| Corticosteroid usage | 163/200 (81.5%) |
| Multivitamin usage | 147 (73.1%) |
| Hydroxychloroquine usage | 196 (97.5%) |
| Baseline hsCRP, mg/L (SD) | 2.9 (8.4) |
| Homocysteine, μmol/L (SD) | 7.4 (3.0) |
| Lipids, mg/dL (SD) | |
| Total cholesterol | 154.7 (38.5) |
| HDL cholesterol | 46.0 (13.0) |
| LDL cholesterol | 86.0 (31.4) |
| Triglycerides | 115.2 (68.6) |
| Lipoprotein A, mg/dL (SD) | 22.6 (25.3) |
| Baseline mean-mean mm (SD) common CIMT mm (SD) | 0.468 (0.042) |
| Baseline mean-max CIMT mm (SD) | 0.583 (0.055) |
APPLE, Atherosclerosis Prevention in Pediatric Lupus Erythematosus; CIMT, carotid intima media thickening; dsDNA, double-stranded DNA; HDL, high-density lipoprotein; hsCRP, high-sensitivity C reactive protein; LDL, low-density lipoprotein; SDI, Systemic Lupus International Collaborating Clinics/American College of Rheumatology Damage Index; SLEDAI, Systemic Lupus Erythematosus Disease Activity Index; SLICC, Systemic Lupus International Collaborating Clinics.