Table 2

Univariate baseline parameters associated with renal outcome (population: complete population (n=370))

Treatment failureComplete renal remission
n (%)OR (95% CI)p Valuen (%)OR (95% CI)p Value
Race
 Caucasian (ref)75 (51.0)59 (40.1)
 Black31 (67.4)2.0 (1.0 to 4.0)0.053813 (28.3)0.6 (0.3 to 1.2)0.1487
 Asian62 (50.4)1.0 (0.6 to 1.6)0.920049 (39.8)1.0 (0.6 to 1.6)0.9602
 Other30 (55.6)1.2 (0.6 to 2.2)0.568517 (31.5)0.7 (0.4 to 1.3)0.2634
Ethnicity
 Hispanic (ref)78 (59.5)42 (32.1)
 Non-Hispanic120 (50.2)0.7 (0.4 to 1.1)0.085896 (40.2)1.4 (0.9 to 2.2)0.1238
Age at randomisation (years)
 ≤20 (ref)29 (58.0)20 (40.0)
 >20 and ≤3069 (55.6)0.9 (0.5 to 1.8)0.776938 (30.6)0.7 (0.3 to 1.3)0.2376
 >30 and ≤4060 (50.0)0.7 (0.4 to 1.4)0.342151 (42.5)1.1 (0.6 to 2.2)0.7633
 >4040 (52.6)0.8 (0.4 to 1.7)0.553929 (38.2)0.9 (0.4 to 1.9)0.8356
Biopsy class
 III/IV (ref)129 (49.6)105 (40.4)
 III/V or IV/V35 (70.0)2.4 (1.2 to 4.5)0.009511 (22.0)0.4 (0.2 to 0.8)0.0161
 V34 (56.7)1.3 (0.8 to 2.3)0.325622 (36.7)0.9 (0.5 to 1.5)0.5959
Lupus nephritis duration (years)
 ≤1 (ref)119 (50.4)95 (40.3)
 >1 and <544 (63.8)1.7 (1.0 to 3.0)0.052119 (27.5)0.6 (0.3 to 1.0)0.0567
 ≥535 (53.8)1.1 (0.7 to 2.0)0.625124 (36.9)0.9 (0.5 to 1.5)0.6268
eGFR baseline (mL/min/1.73 m2)
 <90 (ref)88 (46.8)76 (40.4)
 ≥9072 (50.0)1.1 (0.7 to 1.8)0.564262 (43.1)1.1 (0.7 to 1.7)0.6299
Anti-dsDNA baseline (IU/mL)
 Negative (<30) (ref)1 (7.1)8 (57.1)
 Positive (≥30)157 (50.5)13.3 (1.7 to 103)0.0133128 (41.2)0.5 (0.2 to 1.5)0.2427
C3 baseline (mg/dL)
 ≥90 (ref)43 (53.8)32 (40.0)
 <90115 (46.4)0.7 (0.4 to 1.2)0.2517106 (42.7)1.1 (0.7 to 1.9)0.6658
C4 baseline (mg/dL)
 ≥16 (ref)53 (47.7)45 (40.5)
 <16104 (48.1)1.0 (0.6 to 1.6)0.945392 (42.6)1.1 (0.7 to 1.7)0.7224
UP/C baseline
 ≤1 (ref)27 (50.9)23 (43.4)
 >1 and ≤359 (48.0)0.9 (0.5 to 1.7)0.716859 (48.0)1.2 (0.6 to 2.3)0.5772
 >370 (47.0)0.9 (0.5 to 1.6)0.619854 (36.2)0.7 (0.4 to 1.4)0.3578
Antimalarial treatment concomitantly during induction
 Antimalarial (ref)61 (48.0)56 (44.1)
 No antimalarial137 (56.4)1.4 (0.9 to 2.2)0.127082 (33.7)0.6 (0.4 to 1.0)0.0513
Lipid-modifying agent treatment concomitantly during induction
 Statin (ref)47 (55.3)33 (38.8)
 No statin151 (53.0)0.9 (0.6 to 1.5)0.7083105 (36.8)0.9 (0.6 to 1.5)0.7403
Induction treatment
 MMF (ref)99 (53.5)72 (38.9)
 IVC99 (53.5)1.0 (0.7 to 1.5)>0.999966 (35.7)0.9 (0.6 to 1.3)0.5190
  • Percentages show the proportion of TFs or complete remitters within the applicable covariate category.

  • Ref: reference category for ORs.

  • ORs >1 imply more TF or complete remission in comparison category than in reference category.

  • Anti-dsDNA, anti-double-stranded DNA; eGFR, estimated glomerular filtration rate; IVC, intravenous cyclophosphamide; MMF, mycophenolate mofetil; TF, treatment failure; UP/C, urine protein:creatinine ratio.