Table 3

Attribution of ESRD to SLE in the USRDS, among GLR patients who initiated ESRD treatment through 2012, overall and by patient characteristics

Patient subgroup	No of GLR patients with SLE with ESRD attributed to SLE in USRDS	No of GLR patients with SLE progressing to ESRD	Attribution of ESRD to SLE (95% CI)
Overall	198	251	78.9% (73.3% to 83.8%)
Demographics
Age at SLE diagnosis, years
<18	77	82	93.9% (86.3% to 98.0%)
18–30	80	91	87.9% (79.4% to 93.8%)
>30	41	78	52.6% (40.9% to 64.0%)
p Value*			<0.001
Sex
Male	31	38	81.6% (65.7% to 92.3%)
Female	167	213	78.4% (72.3% to 83.7%)
p Value*			0.66
Race†
Black	184	232	79.3% (73.5% to 84.3%)
White	13	18	72.2% (46.5% to 90.3%)
p Value*			0.48
% black residents in residential census tract
Above median	93	116	80.2% (71.7% to 87.0%)
Below median	88	114	77.2% (68.4% to 84.5%)
p Value*			0.58
% living below poverty in residential census tract
Above median	87	115	75.7% (66.8% to 83.2%)
Below median	94	115	81.7% (73.5% to 88.3%)
p Value*			0.26
% high-school dropouts in residential census tract
Above median	89	115	77.4% (68.7% to 84.7%)
Below median	92	115	80.0% (71.5% to 86.9%)
p Value*			0.63
Access to care
Insurance at start of ESRD
Private	66	91	72.5% (62.2% to 81.4%)
Medicaid	56	65	86.2% (75.3% to 93.5%)
Other	30	42	71.4% (55.4% to 84.3%)
None	29	31	93.5% (78.6% to 99.2%)
p Value*			0.02
Pre-ESRD nephrology care‡
Yes	56	77	72.7% (61.4% to 82.3%)
No	21	23	91.3% (72.0% to 98.9%)
p Value*			0.06
Physician stating final SLE diagnosis
No rheumatologist, dermatologist or nephrologists	20	33	60.6% (42.1% to 77.1%)
Rheumatologist	61	83	73.5% (62.7% to 82.6%)
Dermatologist	3	4	75.0% (19.4% to 99.4%)
Nephrologist	32	39	82.1% (66.5% to 92.5%)
Combination of rheumatologist, dermatologist or nephrologist	81	91	89.0% (80.7% to 94.6%)
p Value*			0.008
At least one renal biopsy
Yes	141	173	81.5% (74.9% to 87.0%)
No	57	78	73.1% (61.8% to 82.5%)
p Value*			0.13
Multiple renal biopsies
Yes	129	169	76.3% (69.2% to 82.5%)
No	69	82	84.2% (74.4% to 91.3%)
p Value*			0.16
Clinical
Duration of SLE prior to ESRD start, years
<5	64	80	80.0% (69.6% to 88.1%)
5–10	52	64	81.3% (69.5% to 89.9%)
>10	82	107	76.6% (67.5% to 84.3%)
p Value*			0.74
Physician-stated SLE-related diagnosis
SLE	184	219	84.0% (78.5% to 88.6%)
SLE and connective tissue disease	10	22	45.5% (24.4% to 67.8%)
Drug-induced lupus	0	1	0%
Specified connective tissue disease	2	5	40.0% (5.3% to 85.3%)
Unspecified diffuse connective tissue disease	1	1	100%
p Value*			<0.001
ACR criteria, %
≥4 criteria	157	193	81.4% (75.1% to 86.6%)
<3 criteria	41	58	70.7% (57.3% to 81.9%)
p Value*			0.08
ACR criterion present
Malar rash	63	72	87.5% (77.6% to 94.1%)
Discoid rash	29	35	82.9% (66.4% to 93.4%)
Photosensitivity	42	47	89.4% (76.9% to 96.5%)
Mucocutaneous ulcers	37	43	86.1% (72.1% to 94.7%)
Arthritis	136	161	84.5% (77.9% to 89.7%)
Serositis	99	119	83.2% (75.2% to 89.4%)
Renal	190	241	78.8% (73.1% to 83.8%)
Neurological	51	59	86.4% (75.0% to 94.0%)
Haematological	188	231	81.4% (75.8% to 86.2%)
Immunological	158	184	85.9% (80.0% to 90.6%)
ANA	162	206	78.6% (72.4% to 84.0%)
Year of ESRD start
Before 1995	22	27	81.5% (61.9% to 93.7%)
1995–2004	96	120	80.0% (71.7% to 86.7%)
2005 or later	80	104	76.9% (67.6% to 84.6%)
p Value*			0.80

*By χ² or Fisher's exact test.
†Restricted to white and black patients only.
‡Pre-ESRD nephrology care collected 2005+ only.
ACR, American College of Rheumatology; ESRD, end-stage renal disease; ESRD Medical Eligibility Form 2728; SLE, systemic lupus erythematosus; USRDS, United States Renal Data System.