Functioning by frailty components: cross-sectional and longitudinal analyses
| Cross-sectional, bivariate* | Cross-sectional, multivariate† | Longitudinal, multivariate | ||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Frailty component | Present | VLA mean difficulty | SF-36 PF | Cognitive | VLA mean difficulty | SF-36 PF | Cognitive | VLA mean difficulty | SF-36 PF | Cognitive |
| Weight loss | No (n=118) | 0.69±0.52 | 42.4±11.3 | 32.1 (36) | – | – | – | – | – | – |
| Yes (n=34) | 1.15±0.53 | 35.1±10.7 | 33.3 (10) | 0.19 | −1.5 | 0.9 | 0.08 | −2.3 | 0.9 | |
| p Value‡ | <0.0001 | 0.001 | 0.99 | 0.03 | 0.40 | (0.3 to 2.7) | 0.23 | 0.18 | (0.1 to 6.8) | |
| Exhaustion | No (n=83) | 0.49±0.40 | 46.1±9.8 | 27.9 (22) | – | – | – | – | – | – |
| Yes (n=69) | 1.17±1.06 | 34.4±10.2 | 38.1 (24) | 0.38 | −4.6 | 3.2 | 0.01 | 0.5 | 6.8 | |
| p Value ‡ | <0.0001 | <0.0001 | 0.21 | <0.0001 | 0.005 | (1.0 to 9.8) | 0.89 | 0.76 | (0.8 to 60.8) | |
| Slow gait | No (n=129) | 0.75±0.54 | 41.6±11.2 | 30.2 (39) | – | – | – | – | – | – |
| Yes (n=13) | 1.22±0.58 | 32.4±11.4 | 53.9 (7) | 0.09 | −1.1 | 2.0 | 0.13 | −2.2 | 0.6 | |
| p Value ‡ | 0.003 | 0.004 | 0.12 | 0.42 | 0.61 | (0.5 to 7.6) | 0.13 | 0.34 | (0.1 to 6.3) | |
| Weakness | No (n=100) | 0.65±0.48 | 44.2±10.3 | 27.0 (27) | – | – | – | – | – | – |
| Yes (n=42) | 1.13±0.57 | 33.2±10.5 | 45.2 (42) | 0.14 | −4.1 | 1.4 | 0.16 | −1.5 | 6.3 | |
| p Value ‡ | <0.0001 | <0.0001 | 0.05 | 0.07 | 0.01 | (0.5 to 3.9 | 0.01 | 0.39 | (1.0 to 40.3) | |
| Inactive | No (n=108) | 0.68±0.51 | 43.3±11.3 | 28.4 (29) | – | – | – | – | – | – |
| Yes (n=44) | 1.08±0.57 | 34.5±9.7 | 42.5 (17) | 0.24 | −4.7 | 1.3 | 0.12 | −3.3 | 1.1 | |
| p Value ‡ | <0.0001 | <0.0001 | 0.12 | 0.001 | 0.002 | (0.5 to 3.3) | 0.05 | 0.04 | (0.2 to 6.0) | |
Cross-sectional multivariate analyses controlled for age, duration, low education, race, oral steroids, obesity, SLAQ, BILD.
Longitudinal analyses: baseline frailty component/category predicting change in function 2 years later.
Controlled for age, duration, low education, race, oral steroids, obesity, SLAQ, BILD and baseline value of function.
*Values are mean±SD, or % (n).
†Values are β parameter estimate (p value) from multiple linear regression analysis, or OR (95% CI) from multiple logistic regression analysis.
‡p Value from t-test.
BILD, Brief Index of Lupus Damage; SLAQ, Systemic Lupus Activity Questionnaire; VLA, Valued Life Activities.
Bold indicates statistical significance.