Table 1

Rates of incident proteinuria by demographic and metabolic risk factors

Subgroup	Observed number of new cases of proteinuria	Person-years of follow-up	Rate of events per 1000 person-years	Rate ratios	p Value
Everyone	57	4669	12.2
Age (years)
18–39	38	1515	25.1	1.0 (Ref)
40–49	11	1171	9.4	0.4 (0.2 to 0.7)	0.0041
50–59	5	1183	4.2	0.2 (0.1 to 0.4)	0.0002
60+	2	780	2.5	0.1 (0.0 to 0.4)	0.0015
Sex
Female	53	4376	12.1	1.0 (Ref)
Male	4	293	13.7	1.1 (0.4 to 3.1)	0.81
Ethnicity
White	19	2802	6.8	1.0 (Ref)
Black	30	1548	19.4	2.9 (1.6 to 5.1)	0.0003
Other	8	319	25.1	3.7 (1.6 to 8.5)	0.0019
Calendar year
2006–2009	26	1842	14.1	1.0 (Ref)
2010–2013	19	1716	11.1	0.8 (0.4 to 1.4)	0.42
2013–2015	12	1110	10.8	0.8 (0.4 to 1.5)	0.44
Mean past systolic blood pressure (mm Hg)
<120	20	1660	12.0	1.0 (Ref)
120–129	13	1205	10.8	0.9 (0.4 to 1.8)	0.76
130–139	8	793	10.1	0.8 (0.4 to 1.9)	0.67
140+	7	413	16.9	1.4 (0.6 to 3.3)	0.44
Most recent systolic BP (mm Hg)
<120	20	2065	9.7	1.0 (Ref)
120–129	10	945	10.6	1.1 (0.5 to 2.3)	0.82
130–139	12	745	16.1	1.7 (0.8 to 3.4)	0.16
140+	15	726	20.7	2.1 (1.1 to 4.2)	0.026
Mean past diastolic BP (mm Hg)
<70	18	1873	9.6	1.0 (Ref)
70–79	20	1510	13.2	1.4 (0.7 to 2.6)	0.32
80+	10	588	14.5	1.5 (0.7 to 3.3)	0.29
Most recent diastolic BP (mm Hg)
<70	21	2127	9.9	1.0 (Ref)
70–79	18	1448	12.4	1.3 (0.7 to 2.4)	0.47
80+	18	905	19.9	2.0 (1.1 to 3.8)	0.029
Mean past total cholesterol*
<150	12	782	15.3	1.0 (Ref)
150–199	24	2228	10.8	0.7 (0.4 to 1.4)	0.32
200+	9	927	9.7	0.6 (0.3 to 1.5)	0.30
Body mass index
<20	7	347	20.2	1.0 (Ref)
20–25	17	1467	11.6	0.6 (0.2 to 1.4)	0.22
25–30	14	1212	11.6	0.6 (0.2 to 1.4)	0.23
30+	19	1435	13.2	0.7 (0.3 to 1.6)	0.34