Table 3

Predictors of pLQ; univariate analysis

Univariate analysis pLQ vs other*	P values	OR	95% CI
Female sex	0.002	0.34	0.17 to 0.68
Age >40 years	0.51	1.19	0.70 to 2.03
Disease duration†	0.57	1.01	0.97 to 1.05
African American	<0.001	0.23	0.11 to 0.49
Years of education >12 years	0.01	2.28	1.21 to 4.28
Income $
<30 000		ref
30 000–65 000	0.47	1.34	0.61 to 2.90
≥65 000	0.007	2.56	1.29 to 5.08
Smoking at baseline	0.08	0.39	0.14 to 1.10
SLEDAI baseline†	<0.001	0.62	0.52 to 0.73
PGA baseline†	<0.001	0.26	0.16 to 0.44
Immunosuppressive drug treatment
1. Ever received	0.007	0.46	0.26 to 0.81
2. ≥75% of visits	0.46	0.79	0.43 to 1.47
Hydroxychloroquine
1. Ever received	0.47	0.80	0.44 to 1.46
2. ≥75% of visits	0.20	1.45	0.82 to 2.54
Prednisone
1. Ever received	0.02	0.53	0.31 to 0.91
2. ≥75% of visits	0.002	0.40	0.23 to 0.71

*pLQ: n:59, other: pCA, pRR and mixed: n:857.
†per unit.
pCA, persistent chronic active; PGA, physician’s global assessment; pLQ, persistent long quiescent; pRR, persistent relapsing remitting; SLE, systemic lupus erythematosus; SLEDAI, SLE Disease Activity Index.