Characteristics | Any new IS | MMF | AZA | HCQ |
6 week/12 week | n=58/50 | n=16/15 | n=18/16 | n=24/19 |
piHDL baseline | 1.88±1.22 | 2.23±1.32 | 1.68±1.01 | 1.80±1.29 |
piHDL 6 weeks | 1.49±1.16 | 1.37±0.81 | 1.65±1.15 | 1.46±1.39 |
piHDL 12 weeks | 1.18±0.91±0.95 | 0.93±0.54 | 1.60±1.11 | 1.03±0.74 |
P value 0–6 weeks* | 0.009 | 0.02 | ns | ns |
P value 0–12 weeks* | 0.001 | 0.009 | ns | 0.05 |
Leptin (ng/dL) baseline | 27.9±28.1 | 36.3±37.7 | 23.4 ±22.3 | 25.1±24.2 |
Leptin 6 weeks | 31.3±29.2 | 45.2±41.1 | 26.6±23.9 | 29.9±24.9 |
Leptin 12 weeks | 31.4±28.0 | 39.0±34.8 | 25.4±23.2 | 29.8±26.4 |
P value 0–6 weeks* | ns | ns | ns | ns |
P value 0–12 weeks* | ns | ns | ns | ns |
sTWEAK (pg/mL) baseline | 480.1±512.2 | 477.5±447.1 | 481.0±630.7 | 468.1±469.7 |
sTWEAK 6 weeks | 444.1±490.8 | 387.9±376.8 | 435.8±496.7 | 497.2±589.3 |
sTWEAK 12 weeks | 464.6±513.2 | 290.3±204.6 | 389.4±475.6 | 467.8±496.1 |
P value 0–6 weeks* | ns | 0.06 | ns | ns |
P value 0–12 weeks* | ns | 0.04 | ns | ns |
Homocysteine (mmol/L) | 10.3±3.6 | 9.9±3.7 | 9.1±3.9 | 10.0±5.6 |
Homocysteine 12 weeks | 9.4±3.3 | 8.4±3.00 | 9.7 ±3.9 | |
Homocysteine 12 weeks | 9.7±4.6 | 9.4±3.3 | 8.4±3.00 | 9.7 ±3.9 |
P value 0–12 weeks* | ns | ns | ns | ns |
SLEDAI baseline | 7.4±4.8 | 8.6 ±7.4 | 7.7±3.6 | 6.0±3.1 |
SLEDAI 6 weeks | 5.3±3.6 | 5.8±4.7 | 6.17±3.4 | 4.3±2.6 |
SLEDAI 12 weeks | 4.2±3.3 | 4.6±4.6 | 5.4±2.8 | 2.8±1.9 |
P value 0–6 weeks* | <0.001 | 0.04 | 0.07 | 0.02 |
P value 0–12 weeks* | <0.001 | 0.01 | 0.004 | <0.001 |
Bold denotes statistically significant values.
*Paired t-test.
AZA, azathioprine; HCQ, hydroxychloroquine; IS, immunosuppressant; MMF, mycophenolate mofetil; SLEDAI, SLE Disease Activity Index; piHDL, proinflammatory high-density lipoprotein; sTWEAK, soluble tumour necrosis factor-like weak inducer of apoptosis.