SLE (n=19) | NHC (n=9) | P SLE/NHC | SLE SNT+ (n=8) | SLE SNT− (n=11) | P SNT+/SNT− | |
Age | 42.3±10.1 | 39±11.9 | 0.450 | 34.7±7.4 | 47.8±8.2 | 0.002 |
Sex: female | 17 (90%) | 100% | 0.312 | 7 (88%) | 10 (91%) | 0.811 |
Ethnicity | 0.731 | 0.207 | ||||
Latino/Hispanic | 4 (21%) | 3 (33%) | 3 (38%) | 1 (9%) | ||
Asian | 1 (5%) | 1 (11%) | 1 (13%) | 0 | ||
African-American | 13 (69%) | 5 (56%) | 4 (50%) | 9 (82%) | ||
Caucasian | 1 (5%) | 0 | 0 | 1 (9%) | ||
Education | 13.4±2.5 | 15.6±1.9 | 0.028 | 14.9±2.7 | 12.3±1.7 | 0.035 |
No computer experience | 3 (16%) | 0 | 0.207 | 0 | 3 (27%) | 0.228 |
Disease duration | 14.2±9.3 | 10.0±4.4 | 17.3±10.8 | 0.063 | ||
SLEDAI | 2.2±2.1 | 4.0±1.9 | 0.82±1.0 | 0.000 | ||
PGA | 0.38±0.43 | .61±0.48 | .22±0.31 | 0.042 | ||
SLICC DI | 1.0±1.1 | .9±1.4 | 1.0±1.0 | 0.819 | ||
Medications | ||||||
Current prednisone (mg/day) | 2.4±3.6 | 2.8±3.6 | 2.1±3.7 | 0.658 | ||
Current HCQ | 16 (84%) | 6 (75%) | 10 (91%) | 0.348 | ||
Current DMARD | 10 (53%) | 4 (50%) | 6 (55%) | 0.845 | ||
Serology | ||||||
Anti-dsDNA ab+ | 16 (84%) | 8 (100%) | 8 (73%) | 0.228 | ||
Anti-Ro+ | 15 (79%) | 6 (75%) | 9 (82%) | 0.719 | ||
Anti-ribosomal P+ | 2 (11%) | 2 (25%) | 0 | 0.164 | ||
DNRAb+ | 9 (47%) | 1 (11%) | 2 (25%) | 7 (64%) | 0.096 | |
Low C3 | 4 (21%) | 3 (38%) | 1 (9%) | 0.134 | ||
Low C4 | 3 (16%) | 3 (38%) | 0 | 0.058 | ||
STAI | 31.6±9.1 | 25.1±5.2 | 0.060 | 27.6±8.2 | 34.5±9.0 | 0.109 |
BDI | 7.5±5.5 | 1.8±2.4 | 0.001 | 7.4±6.3 | 7.6±5.1 | 0.922 |
ANAM tests | ||||||
Matching grids | 26.8±8.1 | 33.8±13.2 | 0.172 | 27.8±10.9 | 26.1±5.8 | 0.674 |
Match to sample | 20.2±6.9 | 30.1±13.9 | 0.071 | 21.7±6.0 | 19.1±7.5 | 0.432 |
CPT | 69.7±17.4 | 80.7±14.4 | 0.114 | 73.4±15.3 | 67.0±19 | 0.445 |
Spatial navigation tests | ||||||
Target success | 8 (42%) | 7 (78%) | 0.08 | |||
Total number of moves | 33.3±4.8 | 35.4±5.8 | 0.31 | 32.8±3.7 | 33.7±5.6 | 0.67 |
Total area of map searched | 18.0±3.5 | 19.0±5.3 | 0.55 | 16.1±2.9 | 19.3±3.3 | 0.04 |
Total number of turns | 23.9±5.9 | 23.8±4.9 | 0.94 | 20.5±4.1 | 26.5±6.0 | 0.03 |
ANAM, Automated Neuropsychological Assessment Metric; BDI, Beck Depression Inventory; CPT, continuous processing test; DMARD, disease-modifying antirheumatic drug (two azathioprine, one methotrexate, seven mycophenolate mofetil); HCQ, hydroxychloroquine; NHC, healthy controls that had neuropsychological testing; PGA, Physician’s Global Assessment; SLEDAI, Systemic Lupus Erythematosus Disease Activity Index; SLICC DI, Systemic Lupus International Collaborating Clinics Damage Index; STAI, State Trait Anxiety Inventory.