Demographic and baseline characteristics
| CLASI-A analysis | CLASI-D analysis | |||
| Patients* | Visit-pairs | Patients* | Visit-pairs | |
| No. | 66 | 119 | 74 | 177 |
| Age, median (IQR), year | 46 (35.7–54.7) | 47.1 (39.9–57.5) | 44.6 (35.4–52.4) | 46.5 (39.6–54.8) |
| Gender, no. (%) | ||||
| Male | 9 (13.6) | 17 (14.3) | 14 (18.9) | 34 (19.2) |
| Female | 57 (86.4) | 102 (85.7) | 60 (81.1) | 143 (80.8) |
| Race, no. (%) | ||||
| African-American | 32 (48.5) | 58 (48.7) | 46 (62.2) | 118 (66.7) |
| Asian | 2 (3) | 3 (2.5) | 2 (2.7) | 2 (1.1) |
| Caucasian | 27 (40.9) | 50 (42) | 20 (27) | 45 (25.4) |
| Hispanic | 5 (7.6) | 8 (6.7) | 6 (8.1) | 12 (6.8) |
| Current smoker, no. (%) | 23 (34.8) | 39 (32.8) | 30 (40.5) | 64 (36.2) |
| Age CLE developed, median (IQR), year | 35.9 (25.3–47.1) | 36.2 (27.2–45.7) | 33.1 (23.9–42.6) | 33.6 (23.9–42.8) |
| SLE diagnosed, no. (%) | 40 (60.6) | 77 (64.7) | 39 (52.7) | 108 (61) |
| Predominant lesion type, no. (%)† | ||||
| SCLE | 10 (15.2) | 13 (10.9) | 0 (0) | 0 (0) |
| CCLE | 56 (84.8) | 106 (89.1) | 74 (100) | 177 (100) |
| Visit-pairs per patient, median (IQR) | 1 (1–2)‡ | 2 (1–3)‡ | ||
| Time between visits, median (IQR), months | 6.4 (4.8–10.6)§ | 7.1 (6–11.2)§ | ||
| Started medication class, no. (%)¶ | ||||
| Topical | 3 (4.5)** | 3 (2.5) | 7 (9.5)** | 7 (4) |
| Antimalarial | 16 (24.2) | 17 (14.3) | 19 (25.7) | 21 (11.9) |
| Immunosuppressant†† | 8 (12.1) | 8 (6.7) | 10 (13.5) | 10 (5.6) |
| Discontinued medication class, no. (%)¶ | ||||
| Topical | 2 (3)** | 2 (1.7) | 3 (4.1)** | 3 (1.7) |
| Antimalarial | 8 (12.1) | 8 (6.7) | 14 (18.9) | 14 (7.9) |
| Immunosuppressant†† | 5 (7.6) | 6 (5) | 9 (12.2) | 10 (5.6) |
*At first included study visit.
†No patients with predominantly ACLE lesions were included in either analysis.
‡Across all included study visits.
§The minimum time between visits was 35 days.
¶Started (or discontinued) medication class was defined as not taking (or taking) any medication from that class at the beginning of a visit-pair and taking (or not taking) any medication from that class at the end of a visit-pair.
**Patients who started (or discontinued) a medication class during any included visit-pair. A small number of patients started or discontinued the same medication class during multiple included visit-pairs.
††Azathioprine, cyclophosphamide, cyclosporine, dapsone, methotrexate, mycophenolate mofetil or mycophenolic acid, prednisone and thalidomide.
ACLE, acute cutaneous lupus erythematosus; CCLE, chronic cutaneous lupus erythematosus; CLASI-A, Cutaneous Lupus Activity and Severity Index–Activity; CLASI-D, Cutaneous Lupus Activity and Severity Index–Damage; CLE, cutaneous lupus erythematosus; SCLE, subacute cutaneous lupus erythematosus.