Characteristic | Total | Both | CB-CAPs | Complement | Neither | |||||
Only | Only | |||||||||
n=495 | n=153 | n=153 | n=37 | n=152 | ||||||
Gender | ||||||||||
Male | 45 | 9.1 | 9 | 5.9 | 18 | 11.8 | 3 | 8.1 | 15 | 9.9 |
Female | 450 | 91.0 | 144 | 94.1 | 135 | 88.2 | 34 | 91.9 | 137 | 90.1 |
Race/ethnicity | ||||||||||
Asian | 38 | 7.7 | 16 | 10.5 | 9 | 5.9 | 3 | 8.1 | 10 | 6.6 |
Black/African-American | 142 | 28.7 | 51 | 33.3 | 47 | 30.7 | 11 | 29.7 | 33 | 21.7 |
Hispanic/Latino | 90 | 18.2 | 34 | 22.2 | 29 | 19.0 | 5 | 13.5 | 22 | 14.5 |
Other | 13 | 2.6 | 4 | 2.6 | 5 | 3.3 | 1 | 2.7 | 3 | 2.0 |
White/Caucasian | 212 | 42.8 | 48 | 31.4 | 63 | 41.2 | 17 | 45.9 | 84 | 55.3 |
Anti-dsDNA positivity | 158 | 31.9 | 85 | 55.6 | 47 | 30.7 | 12 | 32.4 | 14 | 9.2 |
History of renal disease | 196 | 39.6 | 83 | 54.2 | 64 | 41.8 | 14 | 37.8 | 35 | 23.0 |
Age at visit | 39.31 | 29.26 to 50.93 | 31.89 | 24.82 to 41.90 | 41.06 | 30.20 to 52.17 | 38.03 | 30.37 to 51.05 | 45.69 | 35.03 to 57.39 |
Age at diagnosis | 27.31 | 19.96 to 38.31 | 22.21 | 17.95 to 29.05 | 26.97 | 20.94 to 37.49 | 32.08 | 22.08 to 41.64 | 33.10 | 24.70 to 45.20 |
Time since diagnosis | 8.53 | 3.45 to 16.34 | 8.60 | 4.00 to 15.04 | 8.11 | 2.82 to 19.08 | 8.05 | 2.37 to 13.02 | 8.88 | 4.03 to 16.34 |
Use of hydroxychloroquine | 327 | 74.7 | 105 | 80.2 | 99 | 71.2 | 21 | 70.0 | 102 | 73.9 |
Use of corticosteroids | 267 | 61.0 | 99 | 75.6 | 92 | 66.2 | 18 | 60.0 | 58 | 42.0 |
Use of immunosuppressants | 209 | 47.7 | 72 | 55.0 | 66 | 47.5 | 13 | 43.3 | 58 | 42.0 |
Lupus Severity Index | 5.95 | 5.20 to 8.17 | 7.85 | 5.51 to 8.37 | 6.09 | 5.31 to 8.20 | 5.61 | 4.71 to 7.87 | 5.44 | 4.77 to 6.93 |
Demographic information for the total group and each of the groups stratified by CB-CAPs and standard complement positivity (low complement proteins C3 and/or C4). CB-CAPs only group are subjects with positivity of CB-CAPs, but with normal serum complement proteins C3 and C4. Complement only group are subjects with low complement (C3, C4, or both), but normal CB-CAPs. Data are presented as number (per cent) or median (IQR). Medication information was available for 438 patients (both n=131; CB-CAPs only n=139; complement only n=30; neither n=138).
CB-CAPs, cell-bound complement activation products; dsDNA, double-stranded DNA.