Key features of the six decision-analytic model-based economic evaluations in SLE
| Study | Country | Target population | Type of model | Perspective | Type of study | Comparators | Result | VOI |
| Marra et al28 | Canada | Patients with rheumatological conditions (predominantly SLE and RA) | Decision tree | Third-party payer | CEA | Two strategies; full-dose AZA and a genotype test to inform dose of AZA | Genotype testing strategy was dominant | No |
| Mohara et al29 | Thailand | Patients, aged 40 years, newly diagnosed with active, severe lupus nephritis and receiving immunosuppressive therapy | Markov model | Societal | CUA | Four strategies; different combinations of IV-CYC, MMF, AZA and induction and maintenance therapies. | IV-CYC induction and AZA maintenance was dominant | No |
| Nee et al30 | USA | Patients with lupus nephritis, between 20 years and 40 years, who responded to induction therapy | Markov microsimulation model | Societal | CUA | Two strategies; AZA and MMF | MMF had ICER of $6454 per QALY gained relative to AZA | Population EVPI: $2 058 206 |
| Oh et al31 | Korea | Adults with moderate to severe RA or SLE | Decision tree | Societal | CEA | Two strategies; weight-based dose of AZA and a genotype test to inform dose of AZA | Genotype testing strategy was dominant | No |
| Specchia et al32 | Italy | 50 000 patients with SLE that had active disease and a positive autoantibody test | Individual-level microsimulation | Italian health service and societal | CEA; CUA | Two strategies; BEL with and without SOC | BEL and SOC had ICER of €32 859 per QALY gained | No |
| Wilson et al33 | UK | 10 000 patients with lupus nephritis eligible for induction therapy | Patient-level simulation | National Health Service | CUA | Two strategies; MMF with PRED and IV-CYC with PRED | MMF with PRED was dominant | No |
AZA, azathioprine; BEL, belimumab; CEA, cost-effectiveness analysis; CUA, cost-utility analysis; EVPI, expected value of perfect information; ICER, incremental cost-effectiveness ratio; IV-CYC, intravenous cyclophosphamide; MMF, mycophenolate mofetil; PRED, prednisolone; QALY, quality-adjusted life year; RA, rheumatoid arthritis; SOC, standard of care; VOI, value of information.