Gold standard case cohort n=472 | Gold standard control cohort n=500 | |
Sex (% female) | 434 (92) | 458 (92) |
Mean age** | 29.6 (SD 11.4) | 35 (SD 6.1) |
Race (%) | ||
White | 210 (45) | 255 (51) |
African-American | 128 (27) | 144 (29) |
Other | 134 (28) | 101 (20) |
Satisfy lupus classification criteria | ||
ACR | 471 | 2 |
SLICC | 468 | 1 |
EULAR/ACR | 452 | 5 |
Classification criteria attributes (%) | ||
Acute cutaneous lupus | 407 (87) | 0 (0) |
Alopecia | 96 (20) | 16 (3) |
Arthritis (synovitis) | 409 (87) | 41 (8) |
Chronic cutaneous lupus | 120 (25) | 0 (0) |
Delirium | ND | 0 (0) |
Discoid rash | 97 (21) | 1 (0.2) |
Fever | 81 (17) | 0 (0) |
Haematological disorder | 280 (59) | 10 (2) |
Haemolytic anaemia | 44 (9) | 1 (0.2) |
Leucopenia | 432 (92) | 6 (1) |
Malar rash | 250 (53) | 1 (0.2) |
Neurological disorder (ACR) | 27 (6) | 9 (2) |
Neurological disorder (SLICC) | 102 (22) | 9 (2) |
Oral ulcers | 220 (47) | 2 (0.4) |
Photosensitivity | 324 (69) | 0 (0) |
Renal disorder (ACR) | 165 (35) | 12 (2) |
Renal disorder (SLICC) | 178 (38) | 11 (2) |
Renal disorder (EULAR/ACR) | 101 (21) | 9 (2) |
Seizure | 31 (7) | 13 (3) |
Serositis | 174 (37) | 9 (2) |
Thrombocytopenia | 58 (13) | 2 (0.4) |
Anti-dsDNA Ab | 329 (70) | 3 (0.6) |
Antinuclear Ab | 455 (96) | 16 (3) |
Antiphospholipid Ab | 127 (27) | 2 (0.4) |
Anti-Smith Ab | 105 (22) | 0 (0) |
Direct Coombs test | 12 (3) | 0 (0) |
Immunological disorders | 361 (76) | 2 (0.4) |
Low complement | 325 (69) | 0 (0) |
C3 | 265 (56) | 0 (0) |
C4 | 266 (56) | 0 (0) |
*For patients with SLE, age is mean age at first diagnosis of lupus; for healthy controls, age is mean age at time of data extraction.
ACR, American College of Rheumatology; EULAR, European League Against Rheumatism; ND, not determined; SD, Standard Deviation; SLICC, Systemic Lupus International Collaborating Clinics.