Patients in the BILAG-BR with lupus nephritis who did not meet the inclusion criteria and those who met the exclusion criteria from renal lupus randomised controlled trials
| Biologics (n=138) | SOC (n=28) | P value | |
| Inclusion criteria | |||
| Age <18 years | 2 | 2 | 0.099 |
| Does not meet ACR-1997 SLE classification criteria | 4 | 4 | 0.013 |
| Negative serology | 3 | 2 | 0.183 |
| uPCR <100 mg/mmol | 8 | 4 | 0.294 |
| Exclusion criteria | |||
| Steroids >40 mg prednisolone daily | 4 | 5 | 0.003 |
| Active CNS lupus (BILAG A) | 4 | 1 | 0.811 |
| Previous viral hepatitis B or C | 4 | 0 | 0.337 |
| Previous malignancy | 7 | 2 | 0.659 |
| Cyclophosphamide <90 days before entry | 8 | 0 | 0.192 |
| B cell therapy <1 year before entry | 6 | 0 | 0.261 |
| CKD stage 4/5 | 19 | 3 | 0.532 |
| Pregnancy | 0 | 1 | 0.026 |
ACR, American College of Rheumatology; BILAG-BR, British Isles Lupus Assessment Group-Biologics Register; CKD, chronic kidney disease; CNS, central nervous system; N.S., non-significant; SOC, standard of care; uPCR, urine protein-creatinine ratio.