Patient demographic and clinical characteristics
| Study N (%) | Database N (%) | |
| Age (years) | 47.5 (34.5–65.5) | |
| Sex | ||
| Male | 3 (18.75) | 92 (18.8) |
| Female | 13 (81.25) | 394 (80.5) |
| Race | ||
| Caucasian | 8 (50) | 298 (60.9) |
| African American | 7 (43.75) | 162 (33.1) |
| Asian/Pacific Islander | 1 (6.25) | 19 (3.9) |
| Ethnicity | ||
| Hispanic | 0 (0.0) | 22 (4.5) |
| Non-Hispanic | 16 (100) | 467 (95.5) |
| CLE subtype | ||
| SCLE | 3 (18.75) | |
| DLE | 10 (62.5) | |
| DLE+SCLE overlap | 3 (18.75) | |
| Systemic versus cutaneous | ||
| SLE+CLE | 7 (43.75) | |
| CLE | 9 (56.25) | |
| Current disease activity (CLASI) | ||
| Mild (0–9) | 7 (43.5) | |
| Moderate (10–19) | 6 (37.5) | |
| Severe (≥20) | 2 (12.5) | |
| Unknown | 1 (6.25) | |
| Current disease damage (CLASI) | ||
| Mild (0–5) | 5 (31.25) | |
| Moderate (6–17) | 7 (43.75) | |
| Severe (≥18) | 3 (18.75) | |
| Unknown | 1 (6.25) | |
| Time since diagnosis (years) | ||
| Less than 1 year | 3 (18.75) | |
| 1–5 years | 2 (12.5) | |
| 5–10 years | 2 (12.5) | |
| More than 10 years | 9 (56.25) | |
| Disease duration (years, 95% CI) | 14 (5.43 to 22.57) | |
CLASI, Cutaneous Lupus Activity and Severity Index; CLE, cutaneous lupus erythematosus; DLE, discoid lupus erythematosus; SCLE, subacute CLE.