Table 6

Impact of remission on HRQoL*

Authors	Country/ region	Year of publication	Patients	Follow-up years	Remission							Domains positively associated	Domains not associated
Authors	Country/ region	Year of publication	Patients	Follow-up years	Disease activity index	Immunological activity	PGA	PDN daily dose	IS use	AM use	Minimal duration	Domains positively associated	Domains not associated
Mok et al3	Hong Kong	2017	769	Cross-sectional	C-SLEDAI=0	Allowed	<0.5	≤5	Allowed	Allowed	5 years	SF-36: >5 years vs <5 years and >5 years vs no remission role physical, vitality, social functioning, PCS >5 years vs no remission bodily pain, general health, role emotional, mental health, MCS LupusPRO: >5 years vs <5 years and >5 years vs no remission role physical, vitality, social functioning, PCS >5 years vs no remission bodily pain, general health, role emotional, mental health, MCS, remission >5 vs no remission desire/goal	SF-36: >5 years vs <5 years and >5 years vs no remission symptoms, medications, procreation, physical health, emotional, HRQoL total. >5 years vs <5 years remission pain, image LupusPRO: >5 years vs <5 years and >5 years vs no remission cognition, social support, coping, satisfaction with medical care, non-HRQoL total. >5 years vs <5 years remission pain, image, remission >5 vs remission <years desire/goal
Margiotta et al29	Italy	2019	136	Cross-sectional	C-SLEDAI=0	Allowed	NR	<=5	Allowed	Allowed	5 years	SF-36: >5 years vs <5 years and no remission physical functioning, role physical, bodily pain, general health and social functioning	SF-36: >5 years vs <5 years and no remission vitality, role emotional, mental health
Goswami et al31	India	2019	126	Cross-sectional	C-SLEDAI=0	Allowed	<0.5	Allowed	Allowed	Allowed	NR	SF-36: Complete remission was associated with a better PCS than clinical remission
Poomsalood et al24	Thailand	2019	237	Cross-sectional	C-SLEDAI=0	Allowed	NR	<=5	Allowed	Allowed	1 year	SLEQOL: Remission vs not on remission activities, symptom, treatment, mood, self-image, total QoL univariable	SLEQOL: Remission vs not on remission. Physical, remission vs LDA NS all univariable
Tsang-A-Sjoe et al15	The Netherlands	2019	154	2	C-SLEDAI=0	Allowed	<=2/10	<=5	Allowed	Allowed	NR	SF-36: Remission on and off therapy and PCS	SF-36: Remission on and off therapy and MCS

*If an article included more than one definition, a row per definition is included.
AM, antimalarials; C-SLEDAI, Clinical Systemic Lupus Erythematosus Disease Activity Index; HRQoL, health-related quality of life; IS, immunosuppressive drug; LDAS, low disease activity; LLDAS, lupus low disease activity state; ;MCS, Mental Component Summary; NR, not reported; PCS, Physical Component Summary; PDN, prednisone; PGA, Physician Global Assessment; SF-36, 36-Item Short Form Health Survey; SLEQOL, Systemic Lupus Erythematosus Quality of Life.