Variables | Total (N=52) | SLE with UTI (n=18) | SLE without UTI (n=34) | P value |
Age (years), mean (SD) | 46.1 (12.7) | 43.5 (10.6) | 47.4 (13.7) | 0.296 |
Menstrual status, n (%) | ||||
Non-menopausal | 19 (36.5) | 9 (50) | 10 (29.4) | 0.226 |
Menopausal | 33 (63.5) | 9 (50) | 24 (70.6) | |
Cause of menopause, n (%) | ||||
Natural menopause | 29 (87.9) | 7 (77.8) | 22 (91.7) | 0.555 |
Treatment-associated | 4 (12.1) | 2 (22.2) | 2 (8.3) | |
Duration of menopause prior to enrolment, years, median (IQR) | 7 (4.5–15) | 7 (4.5–11.0) | 8 (2.8–16.5) | 0.254 |
Vaginal pH, median (IQR) | 5.5 (5–5.5) | 5.3 (5–5.5) | 5.5 (4.4–5.5) | 0.633 |
Coexisting conditions, n (%) | ||||
None | 33 (63.5) | 10 (55.6) | 23 (67.6) | |
Well-controlled diabetes | 4 (7.7) | 2 (11.1) | 2 (5.9) | 0.602 |
Hypertension | 9 (17.3) | 2 (11.1) | 7 (20.6) | 0.47 |
Hyperlipidaemia | 5 (9.6) | 2 (11.1) | 3 (8.8) | 1 |
Myoma uteri | 3 (5.8) | 3 (16.7) | 0 (0) | 0.037 |
Kidney transplantation | 1 (1.9) | 1 (5.6) | 0 (0) | 0.346 |
HIV | 1 (1.9) | 0 (0) | 1 (2.9) | 1 |
Immunosuppressive drugs, n (%) | ||||
Prednisolone | 44 (84.6) | 16 (88.9) | 28 (82.4) | 0.698 |
HCQ | 39 (75) | 14 (77.8) | 25 (73.5) | 1 |
Azathioprine | 28 (53.8) | 12 (66.7) | 16 (47.1) | 0.245 |
Cyclophosphamide | 2 (3.8) | 0 (0) | 2 (5.9) | 0.538 |
MTX | 6 (11.5) | 2 (11.1) | 4 (11.8) | 1 |
MMF | 9 (17.3) | 2 (11.1) | 7 (20.6) | 0.47 |
Ciclosporin A | 2 (3.8) | 1 (5.6) | 1 (2.9) | 1 |
Tacrolimus | 3 (5.8) | 2 (11.1) | 1 (2.9) | 0.543 |
Sulfasalazine | 1 (1.9) | 0 (0) | 1 (2.9) | 1 |
Leflunomide | 5 (9.6) | 1 (5.6) | 4 (11.8) | 0.648 |
Everolimus | 1 (1.9) | 1 (5.6) | 0 (0) | 0.346 |
Level of immunosuppression, n (%) | ||||
High level | 3 (5.8) | 0 (0) | 3 (8.8) | 0.308 |
Low level | 49 (94.2) | 18 (100) | 31 (91.2) | |
TMP-SMX prophylaxis, n (%) | 11 (21.2) | 9 (50) | 2 (5.9) | <0.001 |
Acyclovir prophylaxis, n (%) | 18 (34.6) | 9 (50) | 9 (26.5) | 0.127 |
Vaginal microbiota, n (%) | ||||
Enterococcus spp | 19 (36.5) | 10 (55.6) | 9 (26.5) | 0.038 |
Peptostreptococcus spp | 22 (42.3) | 11 (61.1) | 11 (32.4) | 0.046 |
Veillonella dispar | 20 (38.5) | 11 (61.1) | 9 (26.5) | 0.015 |
HCQ, hydroxychloroquine; MMF, mycophenolate mofetil; MTX, methotrexate; TMP-SMX, trimethoprim-sulfamethoxazole; UTI, urinary tract infection.