Unadjusted and adjusted annual direct, indirect, and total costs (in 2021 Canadian dollars) stratified by HCQ dose. Values are the mean (95% CI)
| Non-users (0 mg/kg/day) | Low-intensity users (≤5 mg/kg/day) | High-intensity users (>5 mg/kg/day) | Difference between non-users and low-intensity users | Difference between non-users and high-intensity users | Difference between low- and high-intensity users | |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Unadjusted | ||||||
| DC | 10116 | 5682 | 6466 | 4434 (2517 , 6351) | 3650 (1362 , 5938) | −784 (−2420, 852) |
| Hosp | 1415 | 1081 | 1527 | 334 (−222, 890) | −112 (−1254, 1031) | −446 (−1531, 639) |
| Meds | 2364 | 1694 | 2047 | 670 (−118, 1458) | 317 (−673, 1307) | −353 (−1177, 472) |
| Physicians | 1168 | 1035 | 990 | 133 (−77, 343) | 178 (−31, 387) | 45 (−113, 203) |
| Dialysis | 3249 | 258 | 268 | 2990 (1613 , 4367) | 2981 (1540 , 4422) | −10 (−620, 600) |
| Other | 1920 | 1614 | 1634 | 307 (−57, 670) | 286 (−114, 686) | −21 (−406, 364) |
| IC | 37610 | 32480 | 31418 | 5131 (422 , 9839) | 6193 (806 , 11579) | 1062 (−4498, 6622) |
| TC | 47726 | 38162 | 37884 | 9565 (4258 , 14871) | 9843 (3905 , 15780) | 278 (−5492, 6048) |
| Adjusted | ||||||
| DC* | 9599 | 6344 | 6333 | 3255 (309 , 6201) | 3266 (844 , 5687) | 10 (−1806, 1826) |
| IC** | 36558 | 32914 | 31301 | 3645 (−1765, 9054) | 5257 (−1133, 11647) | 1613 (−5158, 8383) |
| TC | 46157 | 39257 | 37634 | 6900 (720 , 13080) | 8523 (1223 , 15823) | 1623 (−6112, 9358) |
Boldface indicates significant results.
Abbreviations:
DC: direct costs; IC: indirect costs; TC: total costs.
*Adjusted for age at diagnosis as the other predictors (sex, race/ethnicity, disease duration, geographic region, education, alcohol use, and smoking) were not significant.
** Adjusted for disease duration, geographic region, and education as the other predictors (age at diagnosis, sex, race/ethnicity, alcohol use, and smoking) were not significant.