Self-efficacy to manage symptoms by depression (p value for the interaction=0.05) | |||||
Symptom SE level (T-score) | Depression severity category | Adjusted mean* (95% CI) | Depression severity comparison | Mean difference | P value |
Low Symptom SE (T-score=35) | 1. None | 59.5 (57.5 to 61.4) | 2 vs 1 | −1.7 (−4.6 to 1.1) | 0.2 |
2. Mild | 57.7 (55.5 to 60.0) | 3 vs 1 | 0.5 (−2.2 to 3.2) | 0.7 | |
3. Moderate/severe | 59.9 (57.9 to 61.9) | 3 vs 2 | 2.2 (−0.6 to 5.0) | 0.1 | |
Mean Symptom SE (T-score=48.1) | 1. None | 56.9 (55.8 to 57.9) | 2 vs 1 | 1.3 (−0.2 to 2.8) | 0.09 |
2. Mild | 58.2 (56.9 to 59.4) | 3 vs 1§ | 2.0 (0.0 to 4.0) | 0.04 | |
3. Moderate/severe | 58.9 (57.1 to 60.6) | 3 vs 2 | 0.7 (−1.3 to 2.7) | 0.5 | |
High Symptom SE (T-score=55) | 1. No | 55.5 (54.5 to 56.6) | 2 vs 1§ | 2.9 (0.8 to 4.9) | 0.006 |
2. Mild | 58.4 (56.6 to 60.3) | 3 vs 1§ | 2.8 (0.1 to 5.5) | 0.04 | |
3. Moderate/severe | 58.3 (55.8 to 60.8) | 3 vs 2 | −0.1 (−3.2 to 3.0) | 0.9 |
Self-efficacy to manage symptoms by age (p value for the interaction=0.02) | |||||
Symptom SE level (T-score) | Age group | Adjusted mean† (95% CI) | Age group comparison | Mean difference | P value |
Low Symptom SE (T-score=35) | 1. 18–34 | 54.8 (52.4 to 57.2) | 2 vs 1§ | 5.0 (2.3 to 7.7) | <0.001 |
2. 35–54 | 59.8 (58.0 to 61.5) | 3 vs 1§ | 5.4 (2.3 to 8.6) | <0.001 | |
3. 55+ | 60.2 (58.0 to 62.4) | 3 vs 2 | 0.4 (−2.2 to 3.1) | 0.8 | |
Mean Symptom SE = (T-score=48.1) | 1. 18–34 | 55.6 (54.1 to 57.0) | 2 vs 1§ | 2.8 (1.1 to 4.4) | 0.001 |
2. 35–54 | 58.3 (57.3 to 59.3) | 3 vs 1 | 2.0 (−0.1 to 4.0) | 0.06 | |
3. 55+ | 57.5 (56.3 to 58.8) | 3 vs 2 | −0.8 (−2.3 to 0.7) | 0.3 | |
High Symptom SE (T-score=55) | 1. 18–34 | 56.0 (54.1 to 57.8) | 2 vs 1 | 1.6 (−0.5 to 3.7) | 0.1 |
2. 35–54 | 57.6 (56.3 to 58.9) | 3 vs 1 | 0.2 (−2.3 to 2.6) | 0.9 | |
3. 55+ | 56.1 (54.7 to 57.6) | 3 vs 2 | −1.5 (−3.3 to 0.4) | 0.1 |
Self-efficacy to manage symptoms by education (p value for the interaction=0.04) | |||||
Symptom SE level (T-score) | Educational attainment category | Adjusted mean‡ (95% CI) | Educational attainment comparison | Mean difference | P value |
Low Symptom SE (T-score=35) | 1. High school or below | 59.2 (57.4 to 61.0) | 2 vs 1 | −1.0 (−3.4 to 1.5) | 0.5 |
2. Some college | 58.3 (56.3 to 60.3) | 3 vs 1 | 0.4 (−2.4 to 3.2) | 0.8 | |
3. Bachelor’s degree or above | 59.6 (57.2 to 62.0) | 3 vs 2 | 1.3 (−1.6 to 4.2) | 0.4 | |
Mean Symptom SE (T-score=48.1) | 1. High school or below | 58.1 (57.0 to 59.2) | 2 vs 1 | −0.1 (−1.5 to 1.4) | 0.9 |
2. Some college | 58.0 (56.9 to 59.2) | 3 vs 1§ | −1.9 (−3.4 to −0.3) | 0.02 | |
3. Bachelor’s degree or above | 56.2 (55.1 to 57.4) | 3 vs 2§ | −1.8 (−3.3 to −0.3) | 0.02 | |
High Symptom SE (T-score=55) | 1. High school or below | 57.5 (56.1 to 58.9) | 2 vs 1 | 0.4 (−1.5 to 2.3) | 0.7 |
2. Some college | 57.9 (56.5 to 59.4) | 3 vs 1§ | −3.0 (−4.9 to −1.1) | 0.002 | |
3. Bachelor’s degree or above | 54.5 (53.1 to 55.9) | 3 vs 2§ | −3.4 (−5.4 to −1.5) | <0.001 |
*Adjusted for symptom SE, age, education, work status, insurance disease duration, disease activity (SLAQ) and organ damage (SA-BILD).
†Adjusted for symptom SE, depression, education, work status, insurance, disease duration, disease activity (SLAQ) and organ damage (SA-BILD).
‡Adjusted for symptom SE, depression, age, work status, insurance, disease duration, disease activity (SLAQ) and organ damage (SA-BILD).
§Bold values indicate a statistically significant difference between the two groups.
SA-BILD, Self-Administered Brief Index of Lupus Damage; SE, self-efficacy; SLAQ, Systemic Lupus Activity Questionnaire.