Table 2

Impact of disease activity state on damage accrual

	Univariable	P value	Model 1 HR (95% CI)	P value	Model 2 HR (95% CI)	P value	Model 3 HR (95% CI)	P value
Not on remission	Ref		Ref
Remission	0.471 (0.273 to 0.815)	0.007	0.456 (0.252 to 0.826)	0.010
Active	Ref				Ref
LLDAS/remission	0.509 (0.282 to 0.920)	0.025			0.503 (0.260 to 0.975)	0.042
Active	Ref						Ref
LLDAS (not on remission)	0.871 (0.374 to 2.027)	0.748					0.878 (0.369 to 2.087)	0.768
Remission	0.444 (0.240 to 0.824)	0.010					0.423 (0.212 to 0.846)	0.015
Age at diagnosis	1.003 (0.981 to 1.026)	0.778	1.016 (0.990 to 1.042)	0.238	1.017 (0.991 to 1.044)	0.208	1.017 (0.991 to 1.044)	0.204
Gender, female	0.637 (0.213 to 1.903)	0.419	0.631 (0.229 to 1.738)	0.373	0.653 (0.226 to 1.887)	0.431	0.646 (0.227 to 1.835)	0.412
Educational level, years	0.936 (0.847 to 1.003)	0.189	0.877 (0.748 to 1.030)	0.110	0.889 (0.756 to 1.045)	0.155	0.879 (0.749 to 1.031)	0.113
Socioeconomic status
Low	Ref		Ref		Ref		Ref
Medium	1.411 (0.759 to 2.622)	0.276	0.882 (0.405 to 1.919)	0.759	0.908 (0.410 to 2.013)	0.813	0.871 (0.397 to 1.910)	0.871
High	0.72 (0.418 to 2.263)	0.948	0.337 (0.080 to 1.423)	0.139	0.349 (0.090 to 1.514)	0.166	0.340 (0.081 to 1.432)	0.141
Disease duration at baseline, years	1.052 (1.011 to 1.095)	0.012	1.062 (1.017 to 1.109)	0.006	1.061 (1.016 to 1.108)	0.008	1.064 (1.018 to 1.111)	0.006
Antimalarial use
Current	Ref		Ref
Past	0.983 (0.358 to 2.695)	0.973	0.870 (0.281 to 2.696)	0.809	0.921 (0.293 to 2.892)	0.888	0.872 (0.274 to 2.780)	0.818
Never	1.614 (0.259 to 10.051)	0.608	1.629 (0.237 to 11.192)	0.620	1.607 (0.234 to 11.026)	0.629	1.601 (0.229 to 11.213)	0.635
SDI	1.177 (1.005 to 1.378)	0.043	1.044 (0.859 to 1.269)	0.668	1.052 (0.863 to 1.282)	0.614	1.038 (0.852 to 1.264)	0.711

Model 1: remission versus not on remission.
Model 2: LLDAS (including remission) versus active.
Model 3: remission, LLDAS (not on remission) and active.
LLDAS, lupus low disease activity state; Ref, reference; SDI, Systemic Lupus International Collaborating Clinics/American College of Rheumatology Damage Index.