SLE n=84 | Controls n=21 | P value* | |
Basic characteristics, mean±SD or n (%) | |||
Age, years | 45.8±13.6 | 44.3±9 | 0.63 |
Gender, female | 75 (89.3) | 18 (85.7) | 0.70 |
Smoking, current | 17 (20.2) | 4 (20) | 0.95 |
Smoking, ever | 38 (45.2) | 10 (47.6) | 0.84 |
Age at SLE onset, years | 33.8±13.8 | nd | nd |
Disease duration, years | 11.9±10.8 | nd | nd |
SLE criteria† | 5.5±1.3 | 0.1±0.3 | <0.0001 |
Routine laboratory, mean±SD or n (%) | |||
P-albumin, g/L | 38.1±5.1 | 43.0±3.2 | <0.0001 |
S-creatinine, μmol/L | 76.6±37.3 | 65.6±10.5 | 0.18 |
U-albumin (dipstick) >1 | 18 (21.6) | 0 | 0.13 |
U-albumin (total), g/L | 165.4±461.2 | 3.7±3.2 | 0.0006 |
U-creatinine (total), μmol/L | 9.0±4.9 | 8.8±4.7 | 0.81 |
Salivary flow, mL/min | 0.2±0.4 | 0.4±0.2 | <0.0001 |
IgA, g/L | 2.7±1.2 | 2.3±1.0 | 0.27 |
IgG, g/L | 13.7±6.5 | 11.1±1.9 | 0.13 |
IgM, g/L | 1.4±1.7 | 1.4±0.7 | 0.15 |
C3, g/L | 0.9±0.2 | 1.0±0.2 | 0.003 |
C4, g/L | 0.2±0.1 | 0.2±0.1 | <0.0001 |
Antibodies, n (%) | |||
Anti-dsDNA | 27 (32.5) | 0 | 0.002 |
Anti-SSA-Ro52 | 11 (13.1) | 0 | 0.20 |
Anti-SSA-Ro60 | 25 (30.1) | 0 | 0.003 |
Anti-SSB-La | 13 (15.5) | 0 | 0.11 |
Anti-Sm | 15 (17.9) | 0 | 0.06 |
Anti-SmRNP | 22 (26.2) | 0 | 0.01 |
Anti-RNP 68 | 11 (13.1) | 0 | 0.20 |
Anti-RNP A | 20 (23.8) | 0 | 0.02 |
aCL IgG | 18 (24.3) | 0 | 0.01 |
aCL IgM | 6 (8.2) | 0 | 0.33 |
aβ2GPI IgG | 18 (25.0) | 0 | 0.01 |
aβ2GPI IgM | 6 (8.2) | 0 | 0.33 |
Disease activity and damage indices, n (%) | |||
SLICC/ACR Damage Index >1 | 49 (58.3) | nd | nd |
SLAM >6 | 50 (59.5) | nd | nd |
SLEDAI >2 | 61 (72.6) | nd | nd |
SLAM per domain >1, n (%) | |||
Constitutional | 61 (73.5) | nd | nd |
Integument | 28 (35.9) | nd | nd |
Eyes | 0 | nd | nd |
Reticuloendothelial | 9 (12.0) | nd | nd |
Pulmonary | 10 (12.0) | nd | nd |
Cardiovascular | 24 (31.2) | nd | nd |
Gastrointestinal | 13 (15.5) | nd | nd |
Neuromotor | 42 (52.5) | nd | nd |
Joints | 44 (54.3) | nd | nd |
Laboratory | 55 (68.8) | nd | nd |
*P value tested by Student’s t-test or Wilcoxon rank-sum test when log transformation did not give an approximately normal distribution. Fisher’s exact test was used for categorical data.
†SLE criteria were determined according to ACR 1982 classification criteria.
aCL, anticardiolipin; ACR, American College of Rheumatology; C, complement factor; GPI, glycoprotein I; Ig, immunoglobulin; nd, not determined; RNP, ribonucleoprotein; SLAM, Systemic Lupus Activity Measure; SLEDAI, SLE Disease Activity Index; SLICC, Systemic Lupus International Collaborating Clinics; Sm, smith; SSA/B, Sjögren’s syndrome A/B.