Duke | Hopkins | Toronto | Egypt | Germany | Israel | Italy | |
No of pregnancies | 121 | 366 | 75 | 109 | 186 | 16 | 89 |
No of women | 111 | 311 | 58 | 109 | 149 | 13 | 70 |
First trimester visit | 72 | 258 | 64 | 100 | 171 | 16 | 80 |
Included pregnancies (one per woman) | 68 | 233 | 53 | 100 | 137 | 13 | 64 |
Maternal race: black | 35 (51%) | 64 (27%) | 8 (15%) | – | – | – | 0 (0%) |
Antiphospholipid syndrome | 1 (1%) | 34 (15%) | – | 37 (37%) | 18 (14%) | – | 3 (5%) |
Maternal age at delivery | 30.6 (5.9) | 31.1 (4.9) | 31.5 (5.2) | 26.6 (4.4) | 30.8 (4.7) | 29.4 (6.0) | 30.7 (5.2) |
Duration of SLE before pregnancy, years* | 8.0 (5.2) | 7.4 (5.3) | 8.5 (6.1) | 6.9 (4.7) | 7.5 (5.8) | 8.5 (6.9) | 6.6 (5.3) |
History of lupus nephritis | 20 (29%) | 100 (43%) | 13 (25%) | 54 (54%) | 42 (31%) | 1 (8%) | 20 (31%) |
High disease activity at first visit | 7 (10%) | 48 (21%) | 11/44 (24%) | 8 (8%) | 19/134 (14%) | 0/10 (0%) | 0/60 (0%) |
Medication use in pregnancy | |||||||
Hydroxychloroquine | 52 (76%) | 151 (65%) | 23 (43%) | 95 (95%) | 48 (35%) | 1 (8%) | 52 (81%) |
Prednisone | 36 (53%) | 108 (46%) | 30/51 (59%) | 95/99 (96%) | 74 (54%) | 5 (38%) | 52/61 (85%) |
Azathioprine | 12 (18%) | 34 (15%) | 15/46 (33%) | 70/99 (71%) | 30 (22%) | NR | 13 (20%) |
Pregnancy outcomes | |||||||
Fetal loss (any weeks gestation) | 9 (13%) | 29 (12%) | 7 (13%) | 20 (20%) | 14 (10%) | 3 (23%) | 1 (2%) |
Fetal loss (after 10 weeks) | 2 (3%) | 17 (8%) | 5 (10%) | 13 (14%) | 10 (8%) | 2 (17%) | 0 (0%) |
Preterm delivery (<37 weeks) | 15 (26%) | 56 (28%) | 9 (20%) | 38 (48%) | 30 (26%) | 2 (20%) | 11 (18%) |
Early preterm delivery (<34 weeks) | 5 (9%) | 24 (12%) | 5 (11%) | 2 (3%) | 8 (7%) | 1 (10%) | 2 (3%) |
Pre-eclampsia | 13/57 (23%) | 20/165 (12%) | 5/47 (11%) | 10/88 (11%) | 18/122 (15%) | 0/9 (0%) | 2/61 (3%) |
High disease activity ever during pregnancy | 14 (21%) | 74 (32%) | 13/42 (31%) | 41 (41%) | 27 (20%) | – | 1 (2%) |
*Data on duration of SLE missing for n=3 (DAP), n=1 (Egypt) and n=3 (Italy).