Baseline or other early characteristics of the eGFR trajectory groups
| Baseline characteristic | eGFR trajectory group | P value | |
| Stable (n=26) | Decline (n=11) | ||
| Sex, female | 22 (85) | 10 (91) | 1.0 |
| Race, black | 20 (77) | 6 (55) | 0.24 |
| Age at biopsy, years | 31.9 (10.7) | 37.7 (10.6) | 0.14 |
| BMI | 26.7 (4.3) | 28.5 (7.2) | 0.34 |
| eGFR, mL/min/1.73 m2 | 111 (34) | 115 (26) | 0.77 |
| Proteinuria (semiquant), mode | 1+ | 1+ | 1.0 |
| LN class, any proliferative | 20 (77) | 9 (82) | 1.0 |
| Activity index, median (IQR)* | 5 (4–6) | 4 (2–6) | 0.47 |
| Chronicity index, median (IQR)* | 3 (2–3) | 2 (1–3) | 0.41 |
| dsDNA, positive | 18 (69) | 9 (82) | 0.69 |
| C3, mg/dL | 76 (31) | 71 (28) | 0.60 |
| C4, mg/dL | 14 (7) | 11 (7) | 0.37 |
| RVVT >40 s | 6 (23) | 1 (9) | 0.65 |
| IgG aCL, positive | 1 (4) | 0 (0) | 1.0 |
| IgM aCL, positive | 0 (0) | 0 (0) | 1.0 |
| IgA aCL, positive | 1 (4) | 0 (0) | 1.0 |
| Hydroxychloroquine use at time of biopsy | 23 (88) | 9 (82) | 0.62 |
| Maximum prednisone dose, mg/kg† | 0.31 (0.33) | 0.39 (0.28) | 0.48 |
| Induction therapy, MMF | 20 (77) | 9 (82) | 1.0 |
| ACEi/ARB usage after renal biopsy | |||
| Started within 3 months | 13 (50) | 5 (45) | 1.0 |
| Any exposure over 5 years | 20 (77) | 10 (91) | 0.65 |
| History of hypertension‡ | 8 (31) | 4 (36) | 1.0 |
| History of diabetes‡ | 0 (0) | 0 (0) | 1.0 |
Unless otherwise noted, values shown are the mean (SD) or number (per cent).
*Activity and chronicity indices were available for 20 of 37 participants.
†Maximum dose within the first year after biopsy.
‡Prior to diagnosis of LN. No patients developed diabetes within the first year after biopsy.
ACEi, ACE inhibitor; aCL, anti-cardiolipin (antibody); ARB, angiotensin receptor blocker; BMI, body mass index; eGFR, estimated glomerular filtration rate; LN, lupus nephritis; MMF, mycophenolate mofetil; RVVT, Russell’s viper venom time.