Baseline clinical characteristics of study cohort by LN status*
| Variables | LN (n=68) | No-LN (n=47) | P value† |
| Clinical characteristics | |||
| Age, years | 17 (14.5, 20) | 18 (16, 20) | 0.3361 |
| Female | 55 (80.88%) | 41 (87.23%) | 0.3673 |
| Race | 0.2878 | ||
| White | 31 (46.97%) | 24 (52.17%) | . |
| Black | 32 (48.48%) | 17 (36.96%) | . |
| Other | 3 (4.55%) | 5 (10.87%) | . |
| Ethnicity (Hispanic) | 21 (30.88%) | 2 (4.26%) | 0.0004 |
| SBP (mm Hg) | 120 (110, 131.5) | 118 (108, 124) | 0.1102 |
| DBP (mm Hg) | 74 (63.5, 82) | 70 (61, 75) | 0.0571 |
| Use of ACEIs/ARBs | 14 (20.59%) | 0 (0%) | <0.0001 |
| Urine biomarker scores | |||
| Total RAIL score | 0.51 (−0.69, 1.6) | −0.21 (−1.69, 1.12) | 0.0277 |
| Total RAIL-Cr score | 0.68 (−0.68, 1.44) | −0.34 (−1.5, 0.96) | 0.0117 |
| Traditional cSLE measures | |||
| NIH-AI score | 4 (2, 12) | . | |
| NIH-CI score | 1 (0, 3) | . | |
| Total SLEDAI score | 13.5 (4, 22.5) | 2 (0, 4) | <0.0001 |
| Extrarenal SLEDAI score | 5.5 (2, 12) | 2 (0, 4) | <0.0001 |
| Renal SLEDAI score | 5 (0, 12) | 0 (0, 0) | <0.0001 |
*Continuous variables are demonstrated as median (25th, 75th percentile), categorical variables are demonstrated as frequency (percentage).
†P values are generated from Kruskal-Wallis test and χ2 test.
.ACEI, ACE inhibitor; ARB, angiotensin receptor blocker; DBP, diastolic blood pressure; LN, lupus nephritis; NIH-AI, NIH-activity index; NIH-CI, NIH-chronicity index; RAIL, renal activity index for lupus; RAIL-Cr, RAIL standardised for urine creatinine; SBP, systolic blood pressure; SLEDAI, SLE disease activity index.