Table 1

Eligibility criteria for cases

Inclusion criteriaExclusion criteria

  • Self-reported as female

  • Age ≥18 years and ≤75 years

  • Meet either the 1997 American College of Rheumatology revised criteria or the Systemic Lupus Erythematosus International Collaborating Clinics criteria for SLE

  • Self-reported as African American or black

  • Able to take part in assessment activities (self-reported questionnaires)

  • Being a prisoner or institutionalised individual

  • Unwilling or unable to give consent

  • Current chronic infection or the development of any infection within 14 days of the initial visit, as reported by the participant

  • Current malignancy, as reported by the participant

  • Any physical, mental or other factor that in the judgement of the PI will impact participant safety, privacy or data integrity

  • PI, Principal Investigator.