Linear regression of depression on stigma, social isolation and emotional support
| Exposure | Unadjusted | Adjusted* | ||
| b coefficient | 95% CI | b coefficient | 95% CI | |
| Stigma | 0.77 | 0.65 to 0.90 | 0.44 | 0.23 to 0.66 |
| Social isolation | 0.7 | 0.58 to 0.82 | 0.47 | 0.31 to 0.63 |
| Emotional support | −0.45 | −0.65 to −0.25 | −0.11 | −0.32 to 0.07 |
*Adjusted by sociodemographics (age, sex, race, education, marital status and work status), disease-related covariates (physical health and DLE location), Skindex symptoms and Skindex CLE domain and medical treatment (Hydroxychloroquine, local steroids, systemic steroids and/or immunosuppressive drugs). Depression, emotional support and social isolation were measured with the corresponding PROMIS Short Form and stigma with the Neuro-QoL Stigma Short Form. Raw scores were converted to T-scores by the PROMIS HealthMeasures Scoring Service; higher scores indicate more of the domain being assessed.
b, beta coefficient; CLE, cutaneous lupus erythematosus; PROMIS, Patient-Reported Outcomes Measurement Information System.