Vaccinated | Unvaccinated | P value | |
Number, n | 74 | 74 | – |
Female, n (%) | 71 (96) | 73 (99) | 0.62 |
Age, years, mean (SD) | 50 (14) | 44 (14) | 0.11 |
Disease duration, years | 19.5 (10.75, 27.5) | 17 (8.75, 25.25) | 0.45 |
Body mass index | 20.8 (18.8, 22.5) | 19.8 (19.4, 21.98) | 0.65 |
Complications | |||
Lupus nephritis, n (%) | 37 (50.0) | 41 (55.4) | 0.62 |
Antiphospholipid antibody syndrome, n (%) | 7 (9.5) | 3 (4.1) | 0.33 |
Comorbidity | |||
Rheumatoid arthritis, n (%) | 6 (8.1) | 4 (5.4) | 0.75 |
Sjögren’s syndrome, n (%) | 6 (8.1) | 9 (12.2) | 0.59 |
Mixed connective tissue disease, n (%) | 3 (4.1) | 2 (2.7) | 1.00 |
Systemic sclerosis, n (%) | 3 (4.1) | 7 (9.5) | 0.33 |
Treatment | |||
Glucocorticoid, n (%) | 64 (89.9) | 69 (93.2) | 0.28 |
Prednisolone dose (mg) | 5 (3, 8) | 6 (4, 8) | 0.19 |
Hydroxychloroquine, n (%) | 27 (36.5) | 28 (37.8) | 1.00 |
Immunosuppressant or biologics, n (%) | 52 (70.3) | 54 (73.0) | 0.86 |
Tacrolimus, n (%) | 26 (35.1) | 30 (40.5) | 0.61 |
Azathioprine, n (%) | 11 (14.9) | 9 (12.2) | 0.81 |
Mycophenolate mofetil, n (%) | 10 (13.5) | 15 (20.3) | 0.38 |
Methotrexate, n (%) | 6 (8.1) | 7 (9.5) | 1.00 |
Mizoribine, n (%) | 6 (8.1) | 7 (9.5) | 1.00 |
Ciclosporin A, n (%) | 4 (5.4) | 4 (5.4) | 1.00 |
Belimumab, n (%) | 9 (12.2) | 14 (18.9) | 0.36 |
Serological disease activity | |||
Anti-DNA antibody (IU/mL) | 5 (2.25, 14.5) | 7 (4, 11) | 0.56 |
C3 (mg/dL) | 82.9 (71.8, 94.3) | 88.9 (71.7, 102.5) | 0.35 |
CH50 (CH50/mL) | 41 (35, 46.3) | 41 (36, 46.3) | 0.46 |
Disease activity score | |||
SLEDAI-2K score | 6 (2, 10) | 6 (4, 12) | 0.60 |
Disease activity | |||
None (SLEDAI-2K: 0), n (%) | 14 (18.9) | 6 (8.1) | 0.09 |
Low (SLEDAI-2K: 1–5), n (%) | 18 (24.3) | 30 (40.5) | 0.053 |
Moderate (SLEDAI-2K: 6–10), n (%) | 26 (35.1) | 19 (25.7) | 0.28 |
High (SLEDAI-2K: 11–19), n (%) | 13 (17.6) | 14 (18.9) | 1.00 |
Very high (SLEDAI-2K: <19), n (%) | 3 (4.1) | 5 (6.8) | 0.72 |
SSC-J score | 29 (11, 49) | 35 (10, 53) | 0.77 |
Physician VAS (mm) | 17 (7.5, 33.25) | 20 (9.75, 33) | 0.67 |
Patient VAS (mm) | 45.5 (22, 59) | 54 (29, 67.5) | 0.06 |
SARS-CoV-2 vaccination | |||
BNT162b2 (Pfizer/BioNTech), n (%) | 65 (88) | – | – |
mRNA-1273 (Moderna), n (%) | 9 (12) | – | – |
COVID-19 infection | 0 (0.0) | 0 (0.0) | – |
All glucocorticoids were converted to equivalent prednisolone doses. The χ2 and Wilcoxon rank-sum tests were used for categorical and continuous variables, respectively. Continuous variables are expressed as IQRs.
mRNA, messenger RNA; SLEDAI-2K, SLE Disease Activity Index-2000; SSC-J, Japanese version of the SLE Symptom Checklist Questionnaire; VAS, visual analogue scale.