Demographic and clinical characteristics of the SLE (n=28) and LN (n=20) samples
| Characteristic | SLE participants (n=28) | LN participants (n=20) | Total (N=48) |
| Demographic characteristics | |||
| Age (years) | |||
| Mean (range) | 40.1 (22–67) | 45.4 (23–79) | 42.3 (22–79) |
| 18–30 | 27.8 (22–30) | 26.8 (23–30) | 27.4 (22–30) |
| 31–50 | 38.0 (31–46) | 42.4 (32–49) | 39.8 (31–49) |
| 51+ | 55.6 (51–67) | 59.1 (51–79) | 56.6 (51–79) |
| Sex, n (%) | |||
| Female | 23 (82.1) | 17 (85.0) | 40 (83.3) |
| Male | 5 (17.9) | 3 (15.0) | 8 (16.7) |
| Ethnicity, n (%) | |||
| Non-Hispanic or non-Latino | 23 (82.1) | 18 (90.0) | 41 (85.4) |
| Hispanic or Latino | 5 (17.9) | 2 (10.0) | 7 (14.6) |
| Race, n (%) | |||
| Black African/American | 13 (46.4) | 11 (55.0) | 24 (50.0) |
| White/Caucasian | 11 (39.3) | 8 (40.0) | 19 (39.6) |
| Multiracial | 1 (3.6) | 0 | 1 (2.1) |
| Asian | 1 (3.6) | 0 | 1 (2.1) |
| Other | 2 (7.1)* | 1 (5.0)† | 3 (6.2) |
| Work status, n (%) | |||
| Working full-time | 14 (50.0) | 4 (20.0) | 18 (37.5) |
| Not working due to condition | 4 (14.3) | 6 (30.0) | 10 (20.8) |
| Working part-time | 3 (10.7) | 4 (20.0) | 7 (14.6) |
| Full-time homemaker | 4 (14.3) | 2 (10.0) | 6 (12.5) |
| Retired | 1 (3.6) | 2 (10.0) | 3 (6.3) |
| Student | 1 (3.6) | 0 | 1 (2.1) |
| Looking for work | 0 | 1 (5.0) | 1 (2.1) |
| Other | 1 (3.6)‡ | 1 (5.0)§ | 2 (4.2) |
| Clinical characteristics | |||
| Time since SLE/LN diagnosis (years), n (%)¶ | |||
| <2 | 4 (14.3) | 4 (20.0) | 8 (16.7) |
| ≥2–5 | 10 (35.7) | 8 (40.0) | 18 (37.5) |
| 6–10 | 6 (21.4) | 3 (15.0) | 9 (18.7) |
| 11+ | 8 (28.6) | 5 (25.0) | 13 (27.1) |
| Duration of SLE symptoms prior to diagnosis (years), n (%) | |||
| Less than 5 | 26 (92.9) | 14 (70.0) | 40 (83.3) |
| 6–10 | 2 (7.1) | 3 (15.0) | 5 (10.4) |
| 16 and over | 0 | 1 (5.0) | 1 (2.1) |
| N/A | 0 | 2 (10.0) | 2 (4.2) |
| Duration of LN symptoms prior to diagnosis (years), n (%) | |||
| Less than 5 | – | 16 (80.0) | 16 (33.3) |
| 6–10 | – | 3 (15.0) | 3 (6.2) |
| 16 and over | – | 1 (5.0) | 1 (2.1) |
| SLE cutaneous subtype, n (%) | |||
| ACLE | 10 (35.7) | 3 (15.0) | 13 (27.1) |
| No cutaneous manifestations | 9 (32.1) | 10 (50.0) | 19 (39.6) |
| SCLE | 5 (17.9) | 2 (10.0) | 7 (14.6) |
| CCLE | 4 (14.3) | 5 (25.0) | 9 (18.7) |
| Class of LN diagnosis, n (%) | |||
| III | – | 8 (40.0) | 8 (16.7) |
| IV | – | 8 (40.0) | 8 (16.7) |
| IV/V | – | 4 (20.0) | 4 (8.3) |
*Hispanic, Puerto Rico.
†Mexican.
‡Reported ‘disability’ with no further information.
§Commencing school.
¶For three participants, only their diagnosis of SLE/LN occurred on the same day.
ACLE, acute cutaneous lupus erythematosus; CCLE, Chronic Cutaneous Lupus Erythematosus; LN, lupus nephritis; N/A, not applicable; SCLE, Subacute Cutaneous Lupus Erythematosus.