Demographic and clinical variables at baseline corresponding to the pregnancies with (n=14) or without (n=43) APO
| Variable | APO (n=14) | No APO (n=43) | OR | P value |
| Demographic characteristics | ||||
| Race/Ethnicity, n (%) | ||||
| Non-Hispanic white | 2 (14%) | 12 (28%) | 0.44 | 0.48* |
| Hispanic white | 5 (36%) | 13 (30%) | 1.23 | 0.74* |
| African-American | 4 (29%) | 7 (16%) | 2.03 | 0.44* |
| Asian | 3 (21%) | 10 (23%) | 0.90 | 1.0* |
| Other or unknown | 0 (0%) | 1 (2%) | 0 | 1.0* |
| Maternal age, mean (SD) | 32.8 (4.1) | 32.2 (5.0) | 0.64* | |
| Clinical history | ||||
| aPL positive, n (%) | ||||
| aCL | 4 (29%) | 12 (28%) | 1.03 | 1.0* |
| LAC | 3 (21%) | 10 (23%) | 0.90 | 1.0* |
| Anti-β2-GP1 | 4 (29%) | 15 (35%) | 0.75 | 0.75* |
| Lupus nephritis ever, n (%) | 6 (43%) | 13 (31%) | 1.66 | 0.52* |
| Disease activity at baseline | ||||
| Hybrid SELENA SLEPDAI, mean (SD) | 4.4 (5.5) | 2.5 (2.9) | 0.25† | |
| SELENA SLEPDAI, mean (SD) | 4.4 (5.5) | 2.5 (2.9) | 0.25† | |
| Hybrid SELENA SLEPDAI >4 | 6 (43%) | 8 (19%) | 3.20 | 0.08* |
| SELENA SLEPDAI >4 | 6 (43%) | 8 (19%) | 3.20 | 0.08* |
| PGA, mean (SD) | 0.57 (0.57) | 0.30 (0.38) | 0.10† | |
| PGA >1 | 3 (21%) | 3 (7%) | 3.54 | 0.13* |
| LLDAS | 8 (57%) | 34 (81%) | 0.32 | 0.09* |
| Current medications | ||||
| Glucocorticoids, n (%) | 6 (43%) | 8 (19%) | 3.2 | 0.08* |
| Daily dose (prednisone equivalent mg), mean (SD) | 14.2 (12.5) | 12.1 (19.5) | 0.14† | |
| Hydroxychloroquine, n (%) | 10 (79%) | 34 (79%) | 0.97 | 1.0* |
| Daily dose (mg), mean (SD) | 390 (32) | 361 (78) | 0.10† | |
| Azathioprine, n (%) | 7 (50%) | 9 (21%) | 3.68 | 0.05* |
| Daily dose (mg), mean (SD) | 118 (38) | 103 (32) | 0.41† | |
| Antihypertensive, n (%) | 0 (0%) | 2 (5%) | 0 | 1.0* |
| Aspirin, n (%) | 10 (71%) | 29 (67%) | 1.20 | 1.0* |
| Enoxaparin, n (%) | 0 (0%) | 6 (14%) | 0 | 0.32* |
LLDAS was not available for one pregnancy without APO. Values are reported as number and corresponding percentages and OR, or as mean and SD.
*Statistical analysis was performed by Fisher’s exact test.
†Statistical analysis was performed by t-test.
aCL, anticardiolipin; anti-β2-GP1, anti-β2 glycoprotein 1; aPL, antiphospholipid antibodies; APO, adverse pregnancy outcome; LAC, lupus anticoagulant; LLDAS, lupus low disease activity state; PGA, physician global assessment; SELENA, Safety of Estrogens in Lupus Erythematosus National Assessment; SLEPDAI, SLE-Pregnancy Disease Activity Index.