Univariate Cox regression for retinal toxicity in HCQ-exposed patients with SLE
| Characteristics | HR (95% CI) |
| Mean daily HCQ dose (mg/kg) | 1.42 (0.91 to 2.21) |
| Mean daily HCQ dose >5 mg/kg/day | 2.35 (0.69 to 8.04) |
| Ever used HCQ >5 mg/kg/day | 1.25 (0.33 to 4.73) |
| Male sex | 1.93 (0.42 to 8.92) |
| Race/ethnicity | |
| White | Reference |
| Black | 1.16 (0.24 to 5.77) |
| Asian | 0.94 (0.19 to 4.65) |
| Other | 0.94 (0.11 to 7.86) |
| Age at SLE diagnosis in years | 1.05 (1.01 to 1.09) |
| No college/university education at time zero | 1.02 (0.30 to 3.49) |
| Geographical location | |
| North America | Reference |
| Europe | 0.77 (0.20 to 2.91) |
| Asia | 0 |
| Mean body mass index | 1.00 (0.90 to 1.11) |
| Smoker at time zero | 0 |
| SLEDAI-2K ≥4 at time zero | 0.81 (0.24 to 2.78) |
| Renal damage at time zero | 0 |
| Ever use of chloroquine | 0 |
HCQ, hydroxychloroquine; SLEDAI-2K, SLE Disease Activity Index 2000.