Patient demographics and baseline characteristics
| Parameter | Analysis population (N=90) |
| Age (years), mean (SD) | 40.8 (11.4) |
| Female, n (%) | 76 (84.4) |
| Race/ethnicity, n (%) | |
| Black African ancestry | 13 (14.4) |
| Asian | 3 (3.3) |
| Caucasian | 55 (61.1) |
| Hispanic | 16 (17.8) |
| Native American | 3 (3.3) |
| Time since SLE diagnosis (years), n (%) | |
| <1 | 0 (0) |
| 1–5 | 57 (63.3) |
| 6–10 | 22 (24.4) |
| >10 | 11 (12.2) |
| Physician-reported SLE disease severity at baseline, n (%) | |
| Mild | 1 (1.1) |
| Moderate | 72 (80.0) |
| Severe | 17 (18.9) |
| SELENA-SLEDAI score at baseline, mean (SD) | 13.1 (3.0) |
| SLE-related medication use at baseline, n (%) | |
| Antimalarials | 72 (80.0) |
| Immunosuppressants | 43 (47.8) |
| Intravenous glucocorticoids | 4 (4.4) |
| Oral glucocorticoids | 79 (87.8) |
| Prednisone-equivalent dose (mg/day), mean (SD)* | 24.8 (15.5) |
| Presence of SLE organ system manifestation by group, n (%) | |
| Cardiopulmonary | 16 (17.8) |
| Central nervous system | 15 (16.7) |
| Renal | 17 (18.9) |
| Constitutional | 50 (55.6) |
| Immunological | 63 (70.0) |
| Mucocutaneous | 62 (68.9) |
| Musculoskeletal | 61 (67.8) |
| Vasculitis | 7 (7.8) |
| Haematological | 48 (53.3) |
*Among the 79 patients receiving oral glucocorticoids at baseline.
SELENA-SLEDAI, Safety of Estrogens in Lupus Erythematosus National Assessment–SLE Disease Activity Index.