Univariate analyses of demographic and clinical features of patients with CLE with and without family history of CLE and/or SLE
| Feature | All patients (n=338) | Positive family history of CLE and/or SLE (n=114) | No family history of CLE and/or SLE (n=224) | P value |
| Sex, n (%) | ||||
| Female | 283 (84) | 98 (86) | 185 (83) | 0.42 |
| Male | 55 (16) | 16 (14) | 39 (17) | |
| Race/ethnicity, n (%) | ||||
| Black non-Hispanic | 173 (51) | 73 (64) | 100 (45) | 0.001 |
| Non-Black* | 165 (49) | 41 (36) | 124 (55) | |
| Smoking status (No., %)† | ||||
| Ever | 173 (51) | 59 (52) | 114 (51) | >0.99 |
| Never | 163 (49) | 55 (48) | 108 (48) | |
| Follow-up duration (years), mean (SD)‡ | 7.16 (8.93) | 7.46 (9.21) | 7.01 (8.79) | 0.66 |
| Age at diagnosis (years), mean (SD)§ | 40.43 (14.41) | 38.59 (14.41) | 41.37 (14.36) | 0.10 |
| Predominant CLE subtype, n (%) | ||||
| Acute | 27 (8) | 11 (10) | 16 (7) | 0.52 |
| Subacute | 53 (16) | 15 (13) | 38 (17) | |
| Chronic¶ | 258 (76) | 88 (77) | 170 (76) | |
| Concomitant SLE, n (%) | ||||
| Yes | 171 (51) | 66 (58) | 105 (47) | 0.06 |
| No | 167 (49) | 48 (42) | 119 (53) | |
| History of positive autoantibody test result** | ||||
| ANA | 249 (75) | 91 (81) | 158 (72) | 0.11 |
| Anti-dsDNA | 97 (35) | 40 (42) | 57 (32) | 0.11 |
| Anti-Ro/SS-A | 129 (48) | 49 (51) | 80 (47) | 0.53 |
| Anti-La/SS-B | 41 (16) | 15 (16) | 26 (16) | >0.99 |
| Anti-Smith | 89 (34) | 40 (42) | 49 (30) | 0.04 |
*Non-Black patients included 111 White non-Hispanic (33%), 13 Asian (4%), 37 White Hispanic (11%) and four other (1%) patients.
†Smoking status was unavailable for two patients.
‡Follow-up duration was calculated as the time between CLE diagnosis and the last study visit. Six patients whose CLE diagnosis date was unavailable were excluded.
§Age of CLE diagnosis was unknown for six patients.
¶Patients with chronic CLE included 221 patients with DLE (65%), 28 with LE tumidus (8%), 8 with LE panniculitis (2%) and 1 with Chilblain’s lupus (1%).
**ANA test result was unavailable for 7 patients, anti-dsDNA antibody test for 64 patients, anti-Ro/SS-A antibody test for 72 patients, anti-La/SS-B for 79 patients and anti-Smith antibody test for 77 patients.
.anti-dsDNA, anti-double-stranded DNA antibody; CLE, cutaneous lupus erythematosus; DLE, discoid lupus erythematosus; LE, lupus erythematosus.