Laboratory and radiological characteristics during NPSLE events (n=101) for which immunosuppressive treatment was initiated
| Neuropsychiatric presentations for which immunosuppressive therapy was initiated (n=101) | |
| Laboratory results | |
| ESR (mm/hour) | 34 (14 – 51) |
| Low C3 and/or C4 | 48 (48) |
| Antinuclear antibodies | 86 (85) |
| Anti-dsDNA | 42 (42) |
| Anti-Smith | 12 (12) |
| Lupus anticoagulant | 31 (31) |
| Anti-β2-GP1 IgM/IgG* | 12 (12) |
| Anti-cardiolipin IgM/IgG | 14 (14) |
| MRI | |
| Brain | |
| Normal† | 17 (17) |
| WMH | 29 (29) |
| Infarct(s) | 37 (37) |
| Global atrophy | 13 (13) |
| Oedema | 5 (5) |
| Haemorrhage | 5 (5) |
| Myelum | |
| Myelopathy | 6 (6) |
Results are presented as n (%), mean±SD or median (IQR).
*Unavailable for 26 events.
†Of which events with diagnosis retraction at follow-up: 2 out of 17.
dsDNA, double-stranded DNA; ESR, erythrocyte sedimentation rate; WMH, white matter hyperintensities; β2-GP1, beta-2-glycoprotein-1.