Table 1

Baseline characteristics for matched SLE and controls among patient diagnosed with COVID-19

SLE
N (%)
Control
N (%)
P value
Total (N)6876870
Age, years
 18–39167 (24.3)1670 (24.3)1
 40–49137 (19.9)1370 (19.9)
 50–5472 (10.5)723 (10.5)
 55–5969 (10)684 (10)
 60–6489 (13)893 (13)
 65–6958 (8.4)569 (8.3)
 70–7442 (6.1)422 (6.1)
 75–7927 (3.9)279 (4.1)
 80–8418 (2.6)180 (2.6)
 85+8 (1.2)80 (1.2)
Gender
 Female631 (91.8)6310 (91.8)1
 Male56 (8.2)560 (8.2)
Race and ethnicity
 Hispanic93 (13.5)930 (13.5)1
 NH Asian11 (1.6)110 (1.6)
 NH Black232 (33.8)2320 (33.8)
 NH White310 (45.1)3100 (45.1)
 Other/Unknown41 (6)410 (6)
COVID-19 diagnosis quarter*
 166 (9.6)660 (9.6)1
 2242 (35.2)2420 (35.2)
 3214 (31.1)2140 (31.1)
 4165 (24)1650 (24)
Severe obesity (BMI≥40)
 No581 (84.6)5945 (86.5)0.15
 Yes106 (15.4)925 (13.5)
Smoking status
 Never400 (58.2)4764 (69.3)<0.001
 Current137 (19.9)892 (13)
 Former150 (21.8)1214 (17.7)
Comorbidities
 092 (13.4)4055 (59)<0.001
 197 (14.1)1241 (18.1)
 2+498 (72.5)1574 (22.9)
Skilled nurse facility in 3 months before COVID-19 diagnosis
 No671 (97.7)6811 (99.1)<0.001
 Yes16 (2.3)59 (0.9)
Insurance
 Commercial338 (49.2)3941 (57.4)<0.001
 Medicare170 (24.7)950 (13.8)
 Medicaid77 (11.2)549 (8)
 Other insurance23 (3.3)337 (4.9)
 Uninsured0 (0)103 (1.5)
 Unknown79 (11.5)990 (14.4)
Region
 Midwest318 (46.3)3538 (51.5)<0.001
 Northeast200 (29.1)1496 (21.8)
 South103 (15)1217 (17.7)
 West31 (4.5)342 (5)
 Other35 (5.1)277 (4)
  • *Quarter 1 is January–March, Quarter 2 is April–May, Quarter 3 is June–August, Quarter 4 is September–December in 2020.

  • BMI, body mass index; COVID-19, coronavirus disease 19; NH, non-Hispanic; SLE, systemic lupus erythematosus.