Baseline characteristics for matched SLE and controls among patient diagnosed with COVID-19
| SLE N (%) | Control N (%) | P value | |
| Total (N) | 687 | 6870 | |
| Age, years | |||
| 18–39 | 167 (24.3) | 1670 (24.3) | 1 |
| 40–49 | 137 (19.9) | 1370 (19.9) | |
| 50–54 | 72 (10.5) | 723 (10.5) | |
| 55–59 | 69 (10) | 684 (10) | |
| 60–64 | 89 (13) | 893 (13) | |
| 65–69 | 58 (8.4) | 569 (8.3) | |
| 70–74 | 42 (6.1) | 422 (6.1) | |
| 75–79 | 27 (3.9) | 279 (4.1) | |
| 80–84 | 18 (2.6) | 180 (2.6) | |
| 85+ | 8 (1.2) | 80 (1.2) | |
| Gender | |||
| Female | 631 (91.8) | 6310 (91.8) | 1 |
| Male | 56 (8.2) | 560 (8.2) | |
| Race and ethnicity | |||
| Hispanic | 93 (13.5) | 930 (13.5) | 1 |
| NH Asian | 11 (1.6) | 110 (1.6) | |
| NH Black | 232 (33.8) | 2320 (33.8) | |
| NH White | 310 (45.1) | 3100 (45.1) | |
| Other/Unknown | 41 (6) | 410 (6) | |
| COVID-19 diagnosis quarter* | |||
| 1 | 66 (9.6) | 660 (9.6) | 1 |
| 2 | 242 (35.2) | 2420 (35.2) | |
| 3 | 214 (31.1) | 2140 (31.1) | |
| 4 | 165 (24) | 1650 (24) | |
| Severe obesity (BMI≥40) | |||
| No | 581 (84.6) | 5945 (86.5) | 0.15 |
| Yes | 106 (15.4) | 925 (13.5) | |
| Smoking status | |||
| Never | 400 (58.2) | 4764 (69.3) | <0.001 |
| Current | 137 (19.9) | 892 (13) | |
| Former | 150 (21.8) | 1214 (17.7) | |
| Comorbidities | |||
| 0 | 92 (13.4) | 4055 (59) | <0.001 |
| 1 | 97 (14.1) | 1241 (18.1) | |
| 2+ | 498 (72.5) | 1574 (22.9) | |
| Skilled nurse facility in 3 months before COVID-19 diagnosis | |||
| No | 671 (97.7) | 6811 (99.1) | <0.001 |
| Yes | 16 (2.3) | 59 (0.9) | |
| Insurance | |||
| Commercial | 338 (49.2) | 3941 (57.4) | <0.001 |
| Medicare | 170 (24.7) | 950 (13.8) | |
| Medicaid | 77 (11.2) | 549 (8) | |
| Other insurance | 23 (3.3) | 337 (4.9) | |
| Uninsured | 0 (0) | 103 (1.5) | |
| Unknown | 79 (11.5) | 990 (14.4) | |
| Region | |||
| Midwest | 318 (46.3) | 3538 (51.5) | <0.001 |
| Northeast | 200 (29.1) | 1496 (21.8) | |
| South | 103 (15) | 1217 (17.7) | |
| West | 31 (4.5) | 342 (5) | |
| Other | 35 (5.1) | 277 (4) | |
*Quarter 1 is January–March, Quarter 2 is April–May, Quarter 3 is June–August, Quarter 4 is September–December in 2020.
BMI, body mass index; COVID-19, coronavirus disease 19; NH, non-Hispanic; SLE, systemic lupus erythematosus.