Comparison of SDI categories in cognitively impaired vs not impaired patients with SLE
| Cognitive dysfunction categories | ||||||
| Cognitive dysfunction (all thresholds pooled)† | Severe cognitive dysfunction‡ | |||||
| Impaired n (%), total n=49 | Not impaired n (%), total n=46 | Comparison§ | Impaired n (%), total n=18 | Not impaired n (%), total n=77 | Comparison | |
| SDI domain categories¶ | ||||||
| Ocular | 8 (16%) | 0 (0%) | 0.006** | 5 (28%) | 3 (4%) | 0.006** |
| Neuropsychiatric | 13 (27%) | 2 (4%) | 0.004** | 7 (39%) | 8 (10%) | 0.007** |
| Renal | 3 (6%) | 4 (9%) | 0.71 | 3 (17%) | 4 (5%) | 0.12 |
| Pulmonary | 4 (8%) | 1 (2%) | 0.36 | 2 (11%) | 3 (4%) | 0.24 |
| Cardiovascular | 9 (18%) | 5 (11%) | 0.39 | 6 (33%) | 8 (10%) | 0.023* |
| Peripheral vascular | 6 (12%) | 3 (7%) | 0.49 | 2 (11%) | 7 (9%) | 0.68 |
| Gastrointestinal | 1 (2%) | 0 (0%) | 1.00 | 0 (0%) | 1 (1%) | 1.00 |
| Musculoskeletal | 13 (27%) | 5 (11%) | 0.52 | 5 (28%) | 13 (17%) | 0.32 |
| Skin | 8 (16%) | 5 (11%) | 0.55 | 2 (11%) | 11 (14%) | 0.72 |
| Premature gonadal failure | 2 (4%) | 3 (7%) | 0.67 | 1 (6%) | 4 (5%) | 0.95 |
| Diabetes | 0 (0%) | 1 (2%) | 0.48 | 0 (0%) | 1 (1%) | 1.00 |
| Malignancy | 0% (0) | 6 (13%) | 0.011* | 0 (0%) | 6 (8%) | 0.59 |
| SDI neuropsychiatric category in detail | ||||||
| Cognitive impairment | 3 (6%) | 1 (2%) | 0.62 | 2 (11%) | 2 (3%) | 0.16 |
| Seizures | 5 (10%) | 0 (0%) | 0.033* | 1 (6%) | 4 (5%) | 1.00 |
| Cerebrovascular accident (any) | 6 (12%) | 2 (4%) | 0.17 | 3 (17%) | 5 (6%) | 0.16 |
| Cranial or peripheral neuropathy | 4 (8%) | 1 (2%) | 0.36 | 2 (11%) | 3 (4%) | 0.17 |
| Transverse myelitis | 0% (0) | 0 (0%) | 0 (0%) | 0 (0%) | ||
Significant results bolded.
*p<0.05, **p<0.005.
†Cognitive dysfunction defined by comparing to HC group data and meeting any of the three definition thresholds used.
‡Severe cognitive dysfunction defined by meeting the most severe definition threshold used (at least two cognitive domains each ≥2 SD below the HC group mean).
§Comparsion between rate of each SLICC-SDI category in impaired vs non-impaired patients with SLE made using Fisher’s exact tests.
¶Disease categories within SLICC-SDI score, for each patient a category was recorded as affected if at least one point had been recorded in that category.
HC, healthy control; SLICC-SDI, Systemic Lupus International Collaborating Clinics/American College of Rheumatology Damage Index.