Cumulative exposure to immunosuppressive drugs and GCs (6-methylprednisone)*
| Total | Male | Female | P value | |
| IS ever, n (%) | 331/415 (79.8) | 36/50 (72) | 295/365 (80.82) | 0.145 |
| AZA ever, n (%) | ||||
| At 1 year | 68/406 (16.7) | 6/48 (12) | 62/358 (17.3) | 0.1 |
| At 5 years | 96/338 (28.4) | 7/31 (22.58) | 89/306 (29.1) | 0.45 |
| At 10 years | 89/255 (34.9) | 6/22 (27.3) | 83/233 (35.6) | 0.43 |
| At last visit | 148/410 (36.1) | 9/50 (18) | 139/360 (38.6) | 0.004 |
| CyC ever, n (%) | ||||
| At 1 year | 79/406 (19.5) | 9/48 (18.7) | 70/358 (19) | 0.89 |
| At 5 years | 96/338 (28.4) | 11/32 (34.3) | 85/306 (27.7) | 0.43 |
| At 10 years | 93/255 (36.5) | 8/22 (36.6) | 85/233 (36.5) | 0.99 |
| At last visit | 144/408 (35.3) | 16/50 (32) | 128/358 (35.7) | 0.6 |
| Cumulative dose of CyC (g) | ||||
| Mean (±SD) | 7.6±0.7 | 5.8±3.15 | 7.7±8.4 | 0.4 |
| Median (IQR 25%–75%) | 6 (3–9) | 5.25 (3.0–7.5) | 6 (3–9) | |
| MTX ever, n (%) | ||||
| At 1 year | 39/413 (9.4) | 7/50 (14) | 32/363 (8.8) | 0.24 |
| At 5 years | 16//300 (5.3) | 16 (5.3) | 15/273 (5.9) | 0.69 |
| At 10 years | 10/224 (4.5) | 0/17 (0) | 10/207 (4.8) | 0.35 |
| At last visit | 84/404 (20.8) | 8/49 (16.3) | 76/355 (21.4) | 0.411 |
| MMF ever, n (%) | ||||
| At 1 year | 69/405 (17) | 14/48 (29.2) | 55/357 (15.4) | 0.02 |
| At 5 years | 88/337 (26.1) | 12/31 (38.7) | 76/306 (24.8) | 0.09 |
| At 10 years | 75/256 (29.3) | 10/22 (45.4) | 65/234 (27.8) | 0.08 |
| At last visit | 141/410 (34.4) | 21/50 (42) | 120/360 (33.3) | 0.23 |
| CyA ever, n (%) | ||||
| At 1 year | 31/405 (7.6) | 1/48 (2.1) | 30/357 (8.4) | 0.12 |
| At 5 years | 62/338 (18.3) | 5/31 (16.1) | 57/307 (18.6) | 0.74 |
| At 10 years | 63/255 (24.7) | 5/22 (22.7) | 58/233 (24.9) | 0.82 |
| At last visit | 100/407 (24.6) | 7/49 (14.3) | 93/358 (26) | 0.07 |
| Biological drugs ever, n (%) | ||||
| At 1 year | 20 (4.9) | 4/48 (8.3) | 16/357 (4.5) | 0.25 |
| At 5 years | 36 (10.6) | 4/32 (12.5) | 32/306 (10.5) | 0.72 |
| At 10 years | 27 (10.5) | 2/22 (0.9) | 25/234 (10.7) | 0.72 |
| RTX ever, n (%) | 55/408 (13.5) | 7/50 (14) | 48/358 (13.4) | 0.91 |
| BEL ever, n (%) | 44/410 (10.7) | 2/50 (4) | 42/360 (11.7) | 0.1 |
| GC ever, n (%) | 403 (97.1) | 48/51 (94.1) | 355/364 (97.5) | 0.17 |
| GC cumulative dose (g) | ||||
| Mean±SD | ||||
| At 1 year | 3.1±2.4 | 2.7±2.4 | 3.0±0.1 | 0.49 |
| At 5 years | 9.6±6.2 | 6.9±4.1 | 9.5±6.5 | 0.019 |
| At 10 years | 17.8±11.5 | 14.1±7.0 | 17±12 | 0.32 |
| Median (IQR 25%–75%) | ||||
| At 1 year | 2 (1.4–4.5) | 2 (1.4–4.0) | 2 (1.4–4.5) | |
| At 5 years | 8.5 (7.0–11.9) | 7 (4.5–8.5) | 8.5 (7–12) | |
| At 10 years | 15.5 (11.9–20.8) | 14.9 (9.6–19.0) | 15.4 (11.4–20.8) | |
| GC-free, n (%) | ||||
| At 5 years | 58/342 (17) | 6/32 (18.7) | 52/310 (16.8) | 0.77 |
| At last visit | 140/395 (35.4) | 13/47 (27.7) | 127/348 (36.5) | 0.23 |
| GC dose at last visit (mg) | ||||
| Mean (±SD) | 4.8±6.5 | 4.2±7.4 | 2.7±5.2 | 0.48 |
| Median (IQR 25%–75%) | 4 (3–4) | 4 (0–4) | 2 (0–4) |
*After disease onset.
AZA, azathioprine; BEL, belimumab; CyA, cyclosporine A; CyC, cyclophosphamide; GC, glucocorticoid; MMF, mycophenolate mofetil; MTX, methotrexate; RTX, rituximab.