Patient characteristics (n=1248)
| Female | 1248 (100) |
| Age at diagnosis* | 35 (3–82) |
| Age at follow-up* | 53 (18–92) |
| Deceased at follow-up | 183 (11.1) |
| ACR criteria23 | |
| ACR 1: malar rash | 711 (56.7) |
| ACR 2: discoid rash | 276 (22.0) |
| ACR 3: photosensitivity | 865 (69.2) |
| ACR 4: oral ulcer | 350 (28.0) |
| ACR 5: arthritis | 971 (77.4) |
| ACR 6: serositis | 471 (37.5) |
| ACR 7: renal disorder | 373 (29.7) |
| ACR 8: neurological disorder | 117 (9.3) |
| ACR 9: haematological disorder | 794 (64.2) |
| ACR 10: immunological disorder | 860 (69.5) |
| ACR 11: ANA | 1233 (98.3) |
| Antibodies | |
| dsDNA | 618 (62.6) |
| Sm | 116 (11.5) |
| Cardiolipin† | 382 (32.5) |
| Lupus anticoagulant | 232 (27.8) |
| β2-glycoprotein I† | 211 (25.1) |
| SSA | 227 (34.6) |
| SSB | 268 (21.3) |
| Complement | |
| Low C3/C4/CH50‡ | 540 (55.4) |
Data are number (%).
All patients were of European descent and fulfilled any of the ACR-82, ACR-97 or SLICC-12 classification criteria sets.
*Median (min–max).
†IgG or IgM.
‡Low complement levels defined according to the SLICC-12 criteria.24
ACR, American College of Rheumatology; dsDNA, double-stranded DNA; SLICC, Systemic Lupus International Collaborating Clinics; SSA, Sjögren’s syndrome-related antigen A; SSB, Sjögren’s syndrome-related antigen B.