Univariate and multivariate analyses models for deep whole en face density
| Univariate β coefficient (CI 95%) | P value | Multivariate β coefficient (CI 95%)* | P value | |
| Age, years | 0.167(–0.264 to –0.071) | 0.001 | NP | |
| Sex (female) | 5.466 (0.571 to 10.360) | 0.029 | NP | |
| Disease duration, months | 0.063 (–0.455 to 0.329) | 0.746 | NP | |
| Anti-dsDNA abs (positivity) | 1.490 (–5.454 to 2.473) | 0.456 | NP | |
| Antiphospholipid abs (positivity ever) | 3.606 (0.000 to 7.150) | 0.061 | NP | |
| SLEDAI-2K | 0.466 (–1.094 to 0.163) | 0.144 | NP | |
| SLICC-DI | 1.432 (–2.434 to –0.430) | 0.006 | 0.632 (–1.694 to 0.431) | 0.240 |
| Nephritis (yes) | 2.860 (–5.808 to 0.087) | 0.057 | NP | |
| PDN (yes) | 1.269 (–4.250 to 1.711) | 0.399 | NP | |
| PDN (cumulative dose, g) | 0.021 (–0.116 to 0.074) | 0.658 | NP | |
| HCQ (yes) | 0.700 (–3.571 to 4.971) | 0.745 | NP | |
| HCQ (cumulative dose, g) | 0.000 (–0.001 to 0.002) | 0.740 | NP | |
| Smoker (active or former) | 2.040 (–1.307 to 5.387) | 0.229 | NP | |
| BMI | 0.274 (–0.589 to 0.041) | 0.087 | NP | |
| Systolic BP (mm Hg) | 0.131(–0.231 to –0.031) | 0.011 | 0.060 (–0.162 to 0.041) | 0.237 |
| Diastolic BP (mm Hg) | 0.112 (–0.241 to 0.017) | 0.088 | NP | |
| Fasting glucose (mg/dL) | 0.028 (–0.041 to 0.097) | 0.420 | NP | |
| HbA1c (mmol/mol) | 0.063 (–0.455 to 0.329) | 0.746 | NP | |
| Total cholesterol (mg/dL) | 0.032 (–0.006 to 0.071) | 0.100 | NP | |
| HDL cholesterol (mg/dL) | 0.034 (–0.114 to 0.046) | 0.394 | NP | |
| TG (mg/dL) | 0.002 (–0.038 to 0.041) | 0.938 | NP | |
| APO-B (mg/dL) | 0.072 (–0.011 to 0.133) | 0.021 | 0.058 (–0.001 to 0.117) | 0.079 |
| TyG Index | 3.930 (–7.668 to –0.193) | 0.535 | NP | |
| Framingham Score | 1.068 (–4.496 to 2.361) | 0.100 | NP | |
| QRISK3 Score | 0.342 (–0.515 to –0.168) | <0.001 | 0.199 (–0.411 to 0.012) | 0.049 |
| IMT (mm) | 0.012 (–0.023 to –0.002) | 0.027 | 0.007 (–0.028 to –0.001) | 0.039 |
*Model adjusted for sex and age. Values of p<0.05 were considered statistically significant and are highlighted in bold.
Anti-dsDNA, anti-double strand DNA; APO-B, apolipoprotein B; BMI, body mass index; BP, blood pressure; HbA1c, glycated haemoglobin; HCQ, hydroxychloroquine; HDL, high-density lipoprotein; IMT, intima media thickness; NP, not performed; PDN, prednisone; QRISK3, QRESEARCH risk estimator version 3; SLEDAI-2K, Systemic Lupus Erythematosus Disease Activity Index 2000; SLICC-DI, Systemic Lupus International Collaborating Clinics Damage Index; TG, Triglycerides; TyG, triglycerides-glucose.