Table 2

Univariate analysis

Potential predictorsOR (95%CI)P value
Age1.04 (1.01 to 1.07)0.006
Female1.22 (0.28 to 5.23)0.789
Latin American origin0.90 (0.12 to 6.77)0.918
Current smoking1.45 (0.56 to 3.78)0.446
Charlson comorbidity index1.34 (1.15 to 1.56)<0.0001
Diabetes0.33 (0.53 to 6.44)0.333
Malignancy1.28 (0.21 to 7.67)0.788
Chronic kidney disease3.82 (1.54 to 9.44)0.004
Disease activity (SELENA-SLEDAI)1.03 (0.94 to 1.13)0.559
Organ damage (SDI)1.29 (1.13 to 1.48)<0.0001
Katz severity index1.33 (1.12 to 1.58)0.001
SLE-related hospitalisation15.50 (5.26 to 45.69)<0.0001
Previous serious infection14.78 (6.41 to 34.1)<0.0001
Creatinine1.02 (0.88 to 1.19)0.756
Lymphopenia (any time)1.45 (0.57 to 3.68)0.439
Hypocomplementemia1.00 (0.43 to 2.30)1.000
Maximum GC dose over the period (prednisone)
≤5 mg1NA
>5 mg and<10 mg2.31 (0.68 to 7.81)0.177
≥10 mg and<30 mg2.00 (0.52 to 7.68)0.311
≥30 mg7.47 (1.87 to 29.82)0.004
Antimalarials0.64 (0.29 to 1.42)0.270
Cyclophosphamide12.38 (2.57 to 59.70)0.002
Mycophenolate3.04 (1.12 to 8.25)0.029
Rituximab1.32 (0.17 to 9.950.790
Methotrexate or azathioprine0.79 (0.23 to 2.65)0.698
  • Variables associated with serious infection.

  • Statistically significant variables are highlighted in bold.

  • GC, glucocorticoid; SDI, Systemic Lupus International Collaborating Clinics/American College of Rheumatology (SLICC/ACR) Damage Index; SELENA-SLEDAI, Safety of Estrogens in Lupus Erythematosus National Assessment–SLE Activity Index; SLE, systemic lupus erythematosus.