Potential predictors | OR (95%CI) | P value |
Age | 1.04 (1.01 to 1.07) | 0.006 |
Female | 1.22 (0.28 to 5.23) | 0.789 |
Latin American origin | 0.90 (0.12 to 6.77) | 0.918 |
Current smoking | 1.45 (0.56 to 3.78) | 0.446 |
Charlson comorbidity index | 1.34 (1.15 to 1.56) | <0.0001 |
Diabetes | 0.33 (0.53 to 6.44) | 0.333 |
Malignancy | 1.28 (0.21 to 7.67) | 0.788 |
Chronic kidney disease | 3.82 (1.54 to 9.44) | 0.004 |
Disease activity (SELENA-SLEDAI) | 1.03 (0.94 to 1.13) | 0.559 |
Organ damage (SDI) | 1.29 (1.13 to 1.48) | <0.0001 |
Katz severity index | 1.33 (1.12 to 1.58) | 0.001 |
SLE-related hospitalisation | 15.50 (5.26 to 45.69) | <0.0001 |
Previous serious infection | 14.78 (6.41 to 34.1) | <0.0001 |
Creatinine | 1.02 (0.88 to 1.19) | 0.756 |
Lymphopenia (any time) | 1.45 (0.57 to 3.68) | 0.439 |
Hypocomplementemia | 1.00 (0.43 to 2.30) | 1.000 |
Maximum GC dose over the period (prednisone) | – | – |
≤5 mg | 1 | NA |
>5 mg and<10 mg | 2.31 (0.68 to 7.81) | 0.177 |
≥10 mg and<30 mg | 2.00 (0.52 to 7.68) | 0.311 |
≥30 mg | 7.47 (1.87 to 29.82) | 0.004 |
Antimalarials | 0.64 (0.29 to 1.42) | 0.270 |
Cyclophosphamide | 12.38 (2.57 to 59.70) | 0.002 |
Mycophenolate | 3.04 (1.12 to 8.25) | 0.029 |
Rituximab | 1.32 (0.17 to 9.95 | 0.790 |
Methotrexate or azathioprine | 0.79 (0.23 to 2.65) | 0.698 |
Variables associated with serious infection.
Statistically significant variables are highlighted in bold.
GC, glucocorticoid; SDI, Systemic Lupus International Collaborating Clinics/American College of Rheumatology (SLICC/ACR) Damage Index; SELENA-SLEDAI, Safety of Estrogens in Lupus Erythematosus National Assessment–SLE Activity Index; SLE, systemic lupus erythematosus.