Baseline characteristics of the study cohort
| Baseline characteristics | Entire cohort | LQ1 | RR1 | CA1 |
| N | 241 | 154 | 53 | 34 |
| Female, N (%) | 222/241 (92.3%) | 147/154 (95.4%) | 44/53 (83%) | 30/34 (88.2%) |
| Mean age (years)±SD | 45±12.6 | 46±12.5 | 41±12.3 | 42±12.7 |
| White, N (%) | 233/241 (96.7%) | 150/154 (97.4%) | 50/53 (94.3%) | 34/34 (100%) |
| Mean disease duration (years)±SD | 14±10.1 | 16±10.5 | 12±8.5 | 10±8.6 |
| Median SELENA-SLEDAI (IQR) | 2 (0–4) | 0 (0–2) | 2 (1–4) | 4 (3–6) |
| Median SLICC (IQR) | 0 (0–1) | 0 (0–1) | 0 (0–1) | 0 (0–0) |
| Fibromyalgia, N (%) | 36/241 (14.9%) | 23/154 (14.9%) | 10/53 (18.9%) | 3/34 (8.8%) |
| LLDAS (no remission), N (%) | 26/241 (10.8%) | 0 | 8/53 (15.1%) | 10/34 (29.4%) |
| Remission on or off treatment, N (%) | 174/241 (72.2%) | 154/154 (100%) | 27/53 (50.9%) | 0 |
| Mean daily glucocorticoid dose (mg)±SD | 2±2.9 | 1.3±1.7 | 2.8±2.8 | 4.4±5.1 |
| Glucocorticoid therapy, N (%) | 107/241 (44.4%) | 64/154 (41.5%) | 33/53 (62.3%) | 25/34 (73.5%) |
| Hydroxychloroquine, N (%) | 203/241 (84.2%) | 125/154 (81.2%) | 45/53 (84.9%) | 33/34 (97%) |
| Immunosuppressant, N (%) | 103/241 (42.7%) | 58/154 (37.7%) | 30/53 (56.6%) | 15/34 (44.1%) |
| bDMARD, N (%) | 37 (15.4%) | 15/154 (9.7%) | 11/53 (20.7%) | 13/34 (38.2%) |
bDMARD, biologic Disease-Modifying Anti-Rheumatic Drug; CA1, chronically active; LLDAS, Lupus Low Disease Activity State; LQ1, long quiescent disease; RR1, relapsing-remitting; SELENA-SLEDAI, Safety of Estrogens in Lupus Erythematosus National Assessment-Systemic Lupus Activity Index; SLICC, Systemic Lupus International Collaborating Clinics.